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Background <p>Carnation and <i>Dianthus</i> (<i>Dianthus</i> spp) are globally cultivated as a cut flower, yet high summer temperatures in Taiwan significantly reduce the yield and quality of commercial cultivars. To enhance stress tolerance traits such as heat resistance and disease resistance, interspecific and intergeneric hybridization with native species is a viable approach. Since the success of hybridization is influenced by genetic distance, this study aimed to clarify the phylogenetic relationships among native species, commercial cultivars, and interspecific hybrids using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers.</p> Results <p>Phylogenetic analysis based on RAPD markers effectively differentiated among native Taiwanese species, commercial varieties, interspecific hybrids, and outgroup taxa. ITS markers, on the other hand, were more informative for identifying parent-offspring relationships. Notably, <i>Dianthus superbus</i> var. <i>longicalycinus</i> from Taiwan and Japan, despite sharing the same scientific name, exhibited clear distinctions in both morphological traits and molecular profiles.</p> Conclusions <p>The combined use of RAPD and ITS markers provides complementary insights into the genetic relationships within the <i>Dianthus</i> genus. These findings not only support the strategic use of molecular markers in breeding programs but also highlight the need to reassess taxonomic classifications among morphologically similar varieties. This study provides genetics, breeding tools, and germplasm information for future <i>Dianthus</i> breeding.</p>

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Phylogenetic analysis of Dianthus using ITS and RAPD markers reveals insights for carnation breeding

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月3日

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  • Carlo Mascariola Cabillo,
  • Yuan-Hua Tuan,
  • Yen-Ming Chen,
  • Yu-Ting Huang,
  • Chia-Wen Li,
  • I-Chun Pan

摘要

Background

Carnation and Dianthus (Dianthus spp) are globally cultivated as a cut flower, yet high summer temperatures in Taiwan significantly reduce the yield and quality of commercial cultivars. To enhance stress tolerance traits such as heat resistance and disease resistance, interspecific and intergeneric hybridization with native species is a viable approach. Since the success of hybridization is influenced by genetic distance, this study aimed to clarify the phylogenetic relationships among native species, commercial cultivars, and interspecific hybrids using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers.

Results

Phylogenetic analysis based on RAPD markers effectively differentiated among native Taiwanese species, commercial varieties, interspecific hybrids, and outgroup taxa. ITS markers, on the other hand, were more informative for identifying parent-offspring relationships. Notably, Dianthus superbus var. longicalycinus from Taiwan and Japan, despite sharing the same scientific name, exhibited clear distinctions in both morphological traits and molecular profiles.

Conclusions

The combined use of RAPD and ITS markers provides complementary insights into the genetic relationships within the Dianthus genus. These findings not only support the strategic use of molecular markers in breeding programs but also highlight the need to reassess taxonomic classifications among morphologically similar varieties. This study provides genetics, breeding tools, and germplasm information for future Dianthus breeding.