Linking transmissibility and hydraulically active zones in the deep geothermal reservoir in Bavaria
摘要
The Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous (‘Malm’-‘Purbeck’) reservoir of the North Alpine Foreland Basin in Bavaria represents one of Europe’s most important deep hydrothermal reservoirs for sustainable heat supply. Reservoir transmissibility shows strong spatial and vertical variability, which remains insufficiently characterized. In particular, the linkage between basin-scale transmissibility, vertically resolved hydraulically active zones, and their sequence stratigraphic context has not yet been systematically investigated. This study addresses this gap by integrating transmissibility of well tests, hydraulically active zones derived by flowmeter measurements, and sequence stratigraphy to provide a comprehensive characterisation of the reservoir. Transmissibility values were derived from pressure transient analyses of geothermal and research well tests, resulting in a harmonised dataset of 61 high-quality measurements. These data were used to generate a basin-wide probabilistic transmissibility spatial distribution using Empirical Bayesian Indicator Kriging. The resulting spatial distribution confirms a general decrease in transmissibility with increasing burial depth from north to south, while also revealing regional deviations from this trend. To resolve reservoir heterogeneity at the vertical scale, 14 integrative reservoir transmissibility values were converted to effective permeability for individual hydraulically active zones, based on flow contributions, zone location, and thickness derived from flowmeter measurements. This approach confirms a systematic decrease in permeability with depth. Variations from this trend are characterised by distinct regional reservoir types that were previously identified through multivariate statistical analyses. Hydraulically active zones were further positioned within a sequence-stratigraphic framework, enabling basin-scale correlation. The results demonstrate that hydraulically active zones occur predominantly within specific sequence-stratigraphic intervals, while other units contribute progressively less to flow. Although sequence-stratigraphy does not directly control permeability magnitude, it provides a consistent framework for describing the vertical distribution of flow zones. Overall, this study provides the first integrated basin-scale assessment linking transmissibility, hydraulically active zones, and sequence stratigraphy in the North Alpine Foreland Basin. The results significantly improve reservoir characterisation and form a robust basis for static and dynamic modelling within the BeM-TG Bayern project.
Graphical abstract