Influence of implantation of O₂⁺ ions on the composition and electronic structure of the W(111) surface

In this paper, using high-dose implantation of O₂⁺ ions, nano-sized WO₃ films were obtained on the surface and at various depths of W(111) for the first time. It has been confirmed that when O₂⁺ ions are implanted into W at room temperature with low energy, partial formation of oxides such as WO, WO₂, WO₃ and WO₄ occurs. It has been proved that in order to obtain a homogeneous and good stoichiometry of W oxide, it is necessary to carry out oxidation at a certain temperature. The optimal modes for obtaining hidden oxide layers in the near-surface region of tungsten, the substrate temperature W, the energy and dose of O₂⁺ ions were determined. The concentration profiles of distributed O atoms in depth were studied for the three-layer W-WO₃-W(111) system. Using scanning electron microscopy, the formation depths and thicknesses of WO₃ layers were determined. The WO₃ films were polycrystalline. The resulting films have potential for creating thin-film OLED displays, as well as nanofilm MOS transistors.