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Background <p>Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a common food additive that has been linked to oxidative stress and reproductive dysfunction. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin, is known to induce systemic inflammation, leading to oxidative damage and hormonal disruption. This study investigated whether MSG exacerbates LPS-induced testicular toxicity in male Wistar rats via oxidative stress and endocrine dysfunction.</p> Methods <p>Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (<i>n</i> = 7): control (distilled water), MSG (1500&#xa0;mg/kg), LPS (250 µL/kg), and a combination of MSG + LPS. MSG was used in the background of LPS to model a real-life “double-hit” exposure where dietary and microbial toxins co-exist. We hypothesised that MSG would amplify LPS-induced reproductive damage through converging mechanisms such as ROS generation, antioxidant depletion, and hormonal dysregulation.</p> Results <p>Compared to control, MSG and LPS significantly reduced sperm count (MSG: <i>p</i> = 0.0001; LPS: <i>p</i> = 0.0001), motility (<i>p</i> = 0.0001; <i>p</i> = 0.0001), and viability (<i>p</i> = 0.0001; <i>p</i> = 0.0001), with more pronounced effects in the MSG + LPS group (<i>p</i> = 0.0001). The number of abnormal sperm cells was, however, increased significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.0001 for MSG; <i>p</i> = 0.0001 for LPS; <i>p</i> = 0.0009 for MSG + LPS). Serum testosterone (<i>p</i> = 0.0001 for MSG; <i>p</i> = 0.0001 for LPS; <i>p</i> = 0.0001 for MSG + LPS), FSH (<i>p</i> = 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.0001), and LH (<i>p</i> = 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.0001) were significantly decreased. Antioxidant enzymes/parameter SOD (<i>p</i> = 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.0001), CAT (<i>p</i> = 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.0001), GST (<i>p</i> = 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.0001), and GSH (<i>p</i> = 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.0001) were depleted, while TBARS levels increased significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.0001). Histological analysis revealed extensive structural damage in the MSG + LPS group.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings suggest that MSG potentiated LPS-induced testicular toxicity through oxidative stress and endocrine suppression, underscoring potential reproductive risks associated with combined dietary and inflammatory exposures.</p>

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Monosodium glutamate exacerbated the lipopolysaccharide-induced reproductive toxicity of male Wistar rats

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月1日

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  • Olalekan Bukunmi Ogunro,
  • Folake Olubukola Asejeje,
  • Zainab Olamide Hamzat

摘要

Background

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a common food additive that has been linked to oxidative stress and reproductive dysfunction. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin, is known to induce systemic inflammation, leading to oxidative damage and hormonal disruption. This study investigated whether MSG exacerbates LPS-induced testicular toxicity in male Wistar rats via oxidative stress and endocrine dysfunction.

Methods

Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 7): control (distilled water), MSG (1500 mg/kg), LPS (250 µL/kg), and a combination of MSG + LPS. MSG was used in the background of LPS to model a real-life “double-hit” exposure where dietary and microbial toxins co-exist. We hypothesised that MSG would amplify LPS-induced reproductive damage through converging mechanisms such as ROS generation, antioxidant depletion, and hormonal dysregulation.

Results

Compared to control, MSG and LPS significantly reduced sperm count (MSG: p = 0.0001; LPS: p = 0.0001), motility (p = 0.0001; p = 0.0001), and viability (p = 0.0001; p = 0.0001), with more pronounced effects in the MSG + LPS group (p = 0.0001). The number of abnormal sperm cells was, however, increased significantly (p = 0.0001 for MSG; p = 0.0001 for LPS; p = 0.0009 for MSG + LPS). Serum testosterone (p = 0.0001 for MSG; p = 0.0001 for LPS; p = 0.0001 for MSG + LPS), FSH (p = 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.0001), and LH (p = 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.0001) were significantly decreased. Antioxidant enzymes/parameter SOD (p = 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.0001), CAT (p = 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.0001), GST (p = 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.0001), and GSH (p = 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.0001) were depleted, while TBARS levels increased significantly (p = 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.0001). Histological analysis revealed extensive structural damage in the MSG + LPS group.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that MSG potentiated LPS-induced testicular toxicity through oxidative stress and endocrine suppression, underscoring potential reproductive risks associated with combined dietary and inflammatory exposures.