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Background <p>Cyberostracism, referring to experiences of being ignored, excluded, or socially dismissed in online environments, has emerged as a significant psychosocial stressor among present-day late adolescents and young adults. While international studies have developed measures of cyberostracism, culturally relevant tools to quantitatively assess cyberostracism in the Indian context remain limited. Given the rapid evolution of digital communication and increasing problematic internet-related behaviours, there is a need for a psychometrically grounded measure. This study aimed to establish content validity, face validity, and response-process evidence for the newly developed Cyberostracism Measure for Indian Young Adults.</p> Methods <p>This study is guided by Williams’ Temporal Need-Threat Model of Ostracism. Best-practice scale development guidelines were followed to generate items using both deductive methods (literature review and appraisal of existing cyberostracism scales) and inductive methods (focus group discussions with young adults aged 18–24&#xa0;years). From an initial pool of 70 items, 60 items were refined through cognitive interviews conducted among two purposively sampled groups of thirty young adults using verbal probing and think-aloud approach. Content validity was assessed by an interdisciplinary panel of eight experts using Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Linguistic clarity and instructional adequacy were evaluated by two English language experts using percentage agreement and Cohen’s kappa. Face validity was assessed among ten adolescents using the Face Validity Index (FVI). A theory-driven construct-alignment checklist was additionally applied as an internal quality assurance step to ensure conceptual coherence prior to factor analysis.</p> Results <p>Following expert review, 42 items were retained. The measure demonstrated strong content validity (S-CVI/Ave = 0.88; S-CVR = 0.78), acceptable face validity (S-FVI/Ave = 0.98; S-FVI/UA = 0.90), and perfect linguistic agreement (κ = 1.00). Construct-alignment review supported conceptual adequacy of retained items. The retained items captured direct, subtle, and post-ostracism digital exclusion experiences.</p> Conclusion <p>The Cyberostracism Measure for Indian Young Adults (CMIYA) demonstrated strong preliminary evidence of content validity, face validity, linguistic clarity, and conceptual coherence. These findings support progression to further psychometric evaluation, including exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.</p>

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Development and preliminary content and face validation of the Cyberostracism Measure for Indian Young Adults (CMIYA)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Irene Sambath,
  • Kalpana B. Kosalram

摘要

Background

Cyberostracism, referring to experiences of being ignored, excluded, or socially dismissed in online environments, has emerged as a significant psychosocial stressor among present-day late adolescents and young adults. While international studies have developed measures of cyberostracism, culturally relevant tools to quantitatively assess cyberostracism in the Indian context remain limited. Given the rapid evolution of digital communication and increasing problematic internet-related behaviours, there is a need for a psychometrically grounded measure. This study aimed to establish content validity, face validity, and response-process evidence for the newly developed Cyberostracism Measure for Indian Young Adults.

Methods

This study is guided by Williams’ Temporal Need-Threat Model of Ostracism. Best-practice scale development guidelines were followed to generate items using both deductive methods (literature review and appraisal of existing cyberostracism scales) and inductive methods (focus group discussions with young adults aged 18–24 years). From an initial pool of 70 items, 60 items were refined through cognitive interviews conducted among two purposively sampled groups of thirty young adults using verbal probing and think-aloud approach. Content validity was assessed by an interdisciplinary panel of eight experts using Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Linguistic clarity and instructional adequacy were evaluated by two English language experts using percentage agreement and Cohen’s kappa. Face validity was assessed among ten adolescents using the Face Validity Index (FVI). A theory-driven construct-alignment checklist was additionally applied as an internal quality assurance step to ensure conceptual coherence prior to factor analysis.

Results

Following expert review, 42 items were retained. The measure demonstrated strong content validity (S-CVI/Ave = 0.88; S-CVR = 0.78), acceptable face validity (S-FVI/Ave = 0.98; S-FVI/UA = 0.90), and perfect linguistic agreement (κ = 1.00). Construct-alignment review supported conceptual adequacy of retained items. The retained items captured direct, subtle, and post-ostracism digital exclusion experiences.

Conclusion

The Cyberostracism Measure for Indian Young Adults (CMIYA) demonstrated strong preliminary evidence of content validity, face validity, linguistic clarity, and conceptual coherence. These findings support progression to further psychometric evaluation, including exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.