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Introduction <p>This study aims to identify latent profiles of neurocognitive development and their associated influencing factors in preschool children with cancer through latent profile analysis (LPA), thereby providing evidence for precise interventions addressing neurocognitive developmental disorders.</p> Methods <p>Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted using continuous Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) scores to classify neurocognitive developmental profiles, while Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS) and Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) scores were examined post-hoc. Parsimonious multinomial logistic regression was employed to examine factors associated with the identified profiles.</p> Results <p>A three-profile model was determined to be optimal (Entropy = 0.8548). Preschool children's neurocognitive development was classified into three profiles: the "Normally-Developed Group" (59.24%, <i>n</i> = 93), which exhibited the highest neurocognitive scores and lowest anxiety and sleep disturbances; the "Subclinical Developmental Concerns Group" (15.29%, <i>n</i> = 24), with intermediate scores; and the "Clinically Significant Developmental Concerns Group" (25.48%, <i>n</i> = 40), which displayed the poorest neurocognitive outcomes alongside severe anxiety and sleep issues. Parsimonious multinomial logistic regression showed that rural residence (OR = 5.80, <i>P</i> = 0.001) and extended daily internet use (OR = 3.19, <i>P</i> = 0.009) significantly increased the likelihood of being in the "Clinically Significant Developmental Concerns Group", whereas higher maternal education (OR = 0.47, <i>P</i> = 0.011) and older age (OR = 0.35, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) were protective factors.</p> Conclusion <p>Neurocognitive development in preschool children with cancer demonstrates substantial heterogeneity, closely associated with factors such as family environment, gender, and disease stage. Tailored interventions targeting different subgroups are necessary to improve neurocognitive development, mitigate psychological and sleep-related issues, and enhance social adaptability and overall quality of life.</p>

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Latent profile analysis of neurocognitive development in preschool children with cancer: associations with anxiety and sleep disorders

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Zefang Chen,
  • Lifang Xu,
  • Jing Yu,
  • Lin Mo,
  • Rongli Li

摘要

Introduction

This study aims to identify latent profiles of neurocognitive development and their associated influencing factors in preschool children with cancer through latent profile analysis (LPA), thereby providing evidence for precise interventions addressing neurocognitive developmental disorders.

Methods

Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted using continuous Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) scores to classify neurocognitive developmental profiles, while Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS) and Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) scores were examined post-hoc. Parsimonious multinomial logistic regression was employed to examine factors associated with the identified profiles.

Results

A three-profile model was determined to be optimal (Entropy = 0.8548). Preschool children's neurocognitive development was classified into three profiles: the "Normally-Developed Group" (59.24%, n = 93), which exhibited the highest neurocognitive scores and lowest anxiety and sleep disturbances; the "Subclinical Developmental Concerns Group" (15.29%, n = 24), with intermediate scores; and the "Clinically Significant Developmental Concerns Group" (25.48%, n = 40), which displayed the poorest neurocognitive outcomes alongside severe anxiety and sleep issues. Parsimonious multinomial logistic regression showed that rural residence (OR = 5.80, P = 0.001) and extended daily internet use (OR = 3.19, P = 0.009) significantly increased the likelihood of being in the "Clinically Significant Developmental Concerns Group", whereas higher maternal education (OR = 0.47, P = 0.011) and older age (OR = 0.35, P < 0.001) were protective factors.

Conclusion

Neurocognitive development in preschool children with cancer demonstrates substantial heterogeneity, closely associated with factors such as family environment, gender, and disease stage. Tailored interventions targeting different subgroups are necessary to improve neurocognitive development, mitigate psychological and sleep-related issues, and enhance social adaptability and overall quality of life.