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Background <p>There is a lack of a standardized questionnaire for accurately measuring disaster risk perception. This study aims to develop a risk perception questionnaire for earthquakes and evaluate its psychometric properties among the Iranian population.</p> Methods <p>A two-phase development approach was utilized. In the first phase, items were generated through literature review and expert consultation. In the second phase, the questionnaire’s psychometric properties were evaluated using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Reliability was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, and Intraclass correlation coefficients.</p> Results <p>EFA identified five factors (susceptibility, severity, self-efficacy, response efficacy, and defensive responses) comprising 23 items that together explained 50.16% of the total variance. CFA demonstrated that the model had a good fit with the data (CFI = 0.918, RMSEA = 0.075). All reliability coefficients exceeded 0.70.</p> Public contribution <p>This study successfully developed and validated a risk perception questionnaire for earthquakes, specifically tailored to the Iranian population. EFA and CFA demonstrated a well-structured model with good fit, while the reliability assessments confirmed the scale’s consistency and stability.</p>

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Development and psychometric evaluation of an earthquake risk perception tool in Iran: an application of the extended parallel process model

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月2日

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  • Leila Jahangiry,
  • Javad Babaie,
  • Fatemeh Sadr-Mir,
  • Hosna Rashidi Birgani,
  • Neda Gilani

摘要

Background

There is a lack of a standardized questionnaire for accurately measuring disaster risk perception. This study aims to develop a risk perception questionnaire for earthquakes and evaluate its psychometric properties among the Iranian population.

Methods

A two-phase development approach was utilized. In the first phase, items were generated through literature review and expert consultation. In the second phase, the questionnaire’s psychometric properties were evaluated using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Reliability was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, and Intraclass correlation coefficients.

Results

EFA identified five factors (susceptibility, severity, self-efficacy, response efficacy, and defensive responses) comprising 23 items that together explained 50.16% of the total variance. CFA demonstrated that the model had a good fit with the data (CFI = 0.918, RMSEA = 0.075). All reliability coefficients exceeded 0.70.

Public contribution

This study successfully developed and validated a risk perception questionnaire for earthquakes, specifically tailored to the Iranian population. EFA and CFA demonstrated a well-structured model with good fit, while the reliability assessments confirmed the scale’s consistency and stability.