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Background <p>Well-being literacy is a relatively new construct that refers to an individual’s capacity to intentionally use, understand, and communicate language and knowledge to promote and sustain well-being for oneself and others. Although gaining attention in positive psychology, empirical research on its impact and mechanisms remains limited, particularly regarding its mechanisms of influence on well-being and mental health outcomes in non-English-speaking contexts.</p> Objective <p>This study had two primary aims: (i) to validate the applicability and initial validation of the six-item Well-Being Literacy Scale (Well-Lit 6) among Turkish undergraduate students for the first time, and (ii) to examine whether optimism mediates the relationship between well-being literacy and psychological adjustment problems, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being.</p> Method <p>The study recruited 893 undergraduate Turkish students (58.90% female; <i>M =</i> 21.53 ± 3.99) from Batman University, representing a non-English-speaking educational context. Participants completed the Well-Lit 6, Optimism and Pessimism Questionnaire (optimism subscale), Brief Adjustment Scale–6, Life Satisfaction Scale and Riverside Eudaimonia Scale using an online survey. To validate the Well-Lit 6, confirmatory factor analysis was performed. The proposed mediation model was tested using the PROCESS macro for SPSS (Model 4), with bootstrapping procedures to assess indirect effects.</p> Results <p>The findings indicated that the Well-Lit 6 had a single-factor structure with high reliability. Mediation analysis showed that well-being literacy was positively related to optimism, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being, and negatively related to psychological adjustment problems. Optimism partially mediated the positive relationships between well-being literacy and both life satisfaction and psychological well-being, as well as the negative relationship with psychological adjustment problems. All indirect effects were statistically significant based on bootstrapped confidence intervals.</p> Discussion/conclusion <p>These findings underscore the significance of interventions that promote an optimistic mindset, as such interventions may amplify the positive psychological impact of well-being literacy on life satisfaction and psychological well-being, while also mitigating its negative effects on psychological adjustment difficulties.</p>

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Investigating the impact of well-being literacy on psychological adjustment problems, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being in Turkish undergraduate students: the mediating role of optimism

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月24日

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  • Murat Yıldırım,
  • Ümit Dilekçi,
  • Şeyhmus Aksoy,
  • Abdulmohsen Mohammed Abdullah Alkhulayfi

摘要

Background

Well-being literacy is a relatively new construct that refers to an individual’s capacity to intentionally use, understand, and communicate language and knowledge to promote and sustain well-being for oneself and others. Although gaining attention in positive psychology, empirical research on its impact and mechanisms remains limited, particularly regarding its mechanisms of influence on well-being and mental health outcomes in non-English-speaking contexts.

Objective

This study had two primary aims: (i) to validate the applicability and initial validation of the six-item Well-Being Literacy Scale (Well-Lit 6) among Turkish undergraduate students for the first time, and (ii) to examine whether optimism mediates the relationship between well-being literacy and psychological adjustment problems, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being.

Method

The study recruited 893 undergraduate Turkish students (58.90% female; M = 21.53 ± 3.99) from Batman University, representing a non-English-speaking educational context. Participants completed the Well-Lit 6, Optimism and Pessimism Questionnaire (optimism subscale), Brief Adjustment Scale–6, Life Satisfaction Scale and Riverside Eudaimonia Scale using an online survey. To validate the Well-Lit 6, confirmatory factor analysis was performed. The proposed mediation model was tested using the PROCESS macro for SPSS (Model 4), with bootstrapping procedures to assess indirect effects.

Results

The findings indicated that the Well-Lit 6 had a single-factor structure with high reliability. Mediation analysis showed that well-being literacy was positively related to optimism, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being, and negatively related to psychological adjustment problems. Optimism partially mediated the positive relationships between well-being literacy and both life satisfaction and psychological well-being, as well as the negative relationship with psychological adjustment problems. All indirect effects were statistically significant based on bootstrapped confidence intervals.

Discussion/conclusion

These findings underscore the significance of interventions that promote an optimistic mindset, as such interventions may amplify the positive psychological impact of well-being literacy on life satisfaction and psychological well-being, while also mitigating its negative effects on psychological adjustment difficulties.