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Background <p>Nomophobia is a situational phobia triggered by the inability to use a smartphone or the thought of being unable to use it. It is closely associated with problematic smartphone use, anxiety and depression. The Nomophobia Questionnaire Short-Form (NMPQ-SF) serves as an efficient and reliable instrument for measuring nomophobia. This study aimed to adapt the NMPQ-SF and validate its psychometric properties among Chinese adults.</p> Method <p>The Chinese version of NMPQ-SF (NMPQ-SFC) was culturally adapted via forward-backward translation, cognitive interviews, and expert panel review. A total of 919 participants (57.6% female, aged 18–63 years, M<sub>age</sub> = 29.44) completed the online survey. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested the factorial structure, while measurement invariance was examined across gender groups using multi-group CFA. Convergent and discriminant validity were also assessed and nomological validity was examined via correlations between NMPQ-SFC scores and fear of missing out (FoMO), short-video addiction (SVA), and depression.</p> Results <p>CFA results showed that the second-order factor model better reflected the factor structure of the NMPQ-SFC and displayed excellent fit indices (RMSEA = 0.037, CFI = 0.993, TLI = 0.989, SRMR = 0.017). Measurement invariance analyses confirmed that the NMPQ-SFC functions equivalently across gender, enabling valid comparisons between males and females. Convergent validity (AVE = 0.55–0.68; second‑order AVE = 0.53) and discriminant validity (Pearson’s <i>rs</i> &lt; 0.80) were established. Significant correlations with FoMO, SVA, and depression further provided evidence for its nomological validity.</p> Conclusion <p>Our findings confirm that NMPQ-SFC is a reliable and psychometrically valid tool for assessing nomophobia among Chinese adults, enhancing its practical applicability in the Chinese context.</p>

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Validation of the very efficient nomophobia short-form questionnaire in Chinese

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月3日

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  • Wenlan Zhu,
  • Ming Cheng,
  • Hao Wang,
  • Yuan Yue

摘要

Background

Nomophobia is a situational phobia triggered by the inability to use a smartphone or the thought of being unable to use it. It is closely associated with problematic smartphone use, anxiety and depression. The Nomophobia Questionnaire Short-Form (NMPQ-SF) serves as an efficient and reliable instrument for measuring nomophobia. This study aimed to adapt the NMPQ-SF and validate its psychometric properties among Chinese adults.

Method

The Chinese version of NMPQ-SF (NMPQ-SFC) was culturally adapted via forward-backward translation, cognitive interviews, and expert panel review. A total of 919 participants (57.6% female, aged 18–63 years, Mage = 29.44) completed the online survey. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested the factorial structure, while measurement invariance was examined across gender groups using multi-group CFA. Convergent and discriminant validity were also assessed and nomological validity was examined via correlations between NMPQ-SFC scores and fear of missing out (FoMO), short-video addiction (SVA), and depression.

Results

CFA results showed that the second-order factor model better reflected the factor structure of the NMPQ-SFC and displayed excellent fit indices (RMSEA = 0.037, CFI = 0.993, TLI = 0.989, SRMR = 0.017). Measurement invariance analyses confirmed that the NMPQ-SFC functions equivalently across gender, enabling valid comparisons between males and females. Convergent validity (AVE = 0.55–0.68; second‑order AVE = 0.53) and discriminant validity (Pearson’s rs < 0.80) were established. Significant correlations with FoMO, SVA, and depression further provided evidence for its nomological validity.

Conclusion

Our findings confirm that NMPQ-SFC is a reliable and psychometrically valid tool for assessing nomophobia among Chinese adults, enhancing its practical applicability in the Chinese context.