Background <p>Stress is closely associated with emotions among adolescents. There are many criteria in stressors, but few studies have been conducted to classify dimensions of stressors such as adolescents’ family environment and physical-psychological feeling. This study used latent profile analysis to explore the relationship between stress and learning anxiety among Chinese adolescent students during global pandemic such as the COVID-19.</p> Methods <p>Chinese adolescents (<i>n</i> = 1145) in middle and high school completed stress and learning anxiety questionnaires.</p> Results <p>Using the latent profile analysis, four stress profiles were identified: “low stress group” (22.4%), “high stress group” (37.1%), “microsystem stress group” (18.8%), and “self-related stress group” (21.7%). Gender, grade, and left-behind status showed significant profile membership. Learning anxiety scores differed significantly according to stress profile, while cultural stress and physical-psychological stress had a greater relationship with learning anxiety.</p> Conclusion <p>The results of this study classified stressors into four profiles, revealing the importance of microsystem and self-related factors on anxiety and verifying the association of external environmental factors and internal cognitive regulation between emotions.</p>