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Background <p>The Sterile insect technique (SIT) has been successfully used in agricultural pest control, leading to interest in its application for public health, particularly in controlling <i>Aedes</i> mosquitoes in the USA, Italy, Cuba, and Greece. Malaysia has conducted a small-scale SIT pilot trial since 2019 for dengue control. This study evaluates mosquito populations in treated and untreated sites through three objectives: (1) comparing mean larvae per trap (MLT) and dengue cases for <i>Ae. aegypti</i> and <i>Aedes albopictus</i>; (2) estimating survival rates and wild populations using mark-release-recapture (MRR); and (3) analysing spatial distribution in treated and untreated sites.</p> Methods <p><i>Ae. aegypti</i> males, irradiated at 55 Gray, were released in three locations: Pangsapuri Kota Laksamana (KT), Malacca (19&#xa0;months), Pangsapuri Taman Tasik Utama (TTU), Malacca (8&#xa0;months), and the Customs, Immigration, and Quarantine Complex (CIQ), Johor (7&#xa0;months). Statistical analyses assessed SIT effectiveness, including T-tests for larval density and ovitrap indices, Mulla’s formula and relative variance (RV) for population reduction, and the Lincoln Index for estimating wild male populations and probability of daily survival.</p> Results <p>Weekly releases of sterile <i>Ae. aegypti</i> males at doses of 1278–7942 males/ha achieved a sterile-to-wild male ratio of 5.85 and a mean daily survival rate of 0.61, leading to significant reductions in larval densities: 76.25% in Kota Laksamana (KT), 96.74% in Taman Tasik Utama (TTU), and 89.00% in CIQ Gelang Patah, thereby supporting dengue control efforts. In KT, the MLT was initially low but increased, although with suppression &lt; 90%, there was a reduce of dengue cases throughout the release period. The MRR’s mean survival rate (± standard deviation) in KT was 0.61 (± 0.08). The spatial clustering of <i>Ae. aegypti</i> was observed in central blocks during the high MLT period. However, larval densities rebounded after releases ceased. Spatial clustering revealed no initial clustering, though clustering patterns emerged over time in KT.</p> Conclusions <p>SIT effectively suppressed <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> populations and supported dengue control. Optimizing sterile-to-wild male ratios, spatial distribution, and monitoring strategies is essential for sustainable vector control. These findings provide insights for scaling up SIT field trials, with future efforts focusing on refining release and monitoring strategies to enhance SIT as an effective dengue control tool.</p> <p><i>Trial registration</i> NMRR-17–2652-39,099 “Field evaluation of Sterile Insect for <i>Aedes aegypti</i> Suppression.”</p>

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Impact of sterile Aedes aegypti males releases on vector dynamics: insights from Malaysian field trials

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月30日

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  • Wasi Ahmad Nazni,
  • Guat-Ney Teoh,
  • Mohd Adnan Nuradila,
  • Shaikh Ismail Shaikh Norman Hakimi,
  • Maheswaran Tanusshni,
  • Mohd Azam Muhammad Arif,
  • Achim Nurfarahin Hanini,
  • Irfan Ahmad Shazia,
  • Aik-Meng Tan,
  • Hamzah Rabizah,
  • Mohamad Dzomir Ahmad Zainuri,
  • Asim Hasnor Hadi,
  • Ahmad Norazah,
  • Han-Lim Lee,
  • Hamidou Maiga,
  • Jeremy Bouyer,
  • Yoon-Ling Cheong

摘要

Background

The Sterile insect technique (SIT) has been successfully used in agricultural pest control, leading to interest in its application for public health, particularly in controlling Aedes mosquitoes in the USA, Italy, Cuba, and Greece. Malaysia has conducted a small-scale SIT pilot trial since 2019 for dengue control. This study evaluates mosquito populations in treated and untreated sites through three objectives: (1) comparing mean larvae per trap (MLT) and dengue cases for Ae. aegypti and Aedes albopictus; (2) estimating survival rates and wild populations using mark-release-recapture (MRR); and (3) analysing spatial distribution in treated and untreated sites.

Methods

Ae. aegypti males, irradiated at 55 Gray, were released in three locations: Pangsapuri Kota Laksamana (KT), Malacca (19 months), Pangsapuri Taman Tasik Utama (TTU), Malacca (8 months), and the Customs, Immigration, and Quarantine Complex (CIQ), Johor (7 months). Statistical analyses assessed SIT effectiveness, including T-tests for larval density and ovitrap indices, Mulla’s formula and relative variance (RV) for population reduction, and the Lincoln Index for estimating wild male populations and probability of daily survival.

Results

Weekly releases of sterile Ae. aegypti males at doses of 1278–7942 males/ha achieved a sterile-to-wild male ratio of 5.85 and a mean daily survival rate of 0.61, leading to significant reductions in larval densities: 76.25% in Kota Laksamana (KT), 96.74% in Taman Tasik Utama (TTU), and 89.00% in CIQ Gelang Patah, thereby supporting dengue control efforts. In KT, the MLT was initially low but increased, although with suppression < 90%, there was a reduce of dengue cases throughout the release period. The MRR’s mean survival rate (± standard deviation) in KT was 0.61 (± 0.08). The spatial clustering of Ae. aegypti was observed in central blocks during the high MLT period. However, larval densities rebounded after releases ceased. Spatial clustering revealed no initial clustering, though clustering patterns emerged over time in KT.

Conclusions

SIT effectively suppressed Ae. aegypti populations and supported dengue control. Optimizing sterile-to-wild male ratios, spatial distribution, and monitoring strategies is essential for sustainable vector control. These findings provide insights for scaling up SIT field trials, with future efforts focusing on refining release and monitoring strategies to enhance SIT as an effective dengue control tool.

Trial registration NMRR-17–2652-39,099 “Field evaluation of Sterile Insect for Aedes aegypti Suppression.”