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<p>Cellular senescence plays a context-dependent role in gastric cancer (GC), functioning both through tumor-suppressive arrest and the tumor-promoting senescence-associated secretory phenotype. However, its systematic integration into prognostic models remains limited. Here, we develop a novel interpretable framework to identify and validate a robust senescence-related gene signature for GC prognosis. We first introduce a dual-model interpretable feature selection strategy that integrates a biologically informed Kolmogorov-Arnold Network with a tabular foundation model to identify cancer-associated senescence genes. From the initial candidates, an ensemble of ten machine learning algorithms distills a core 4-gene signature to construct a Senescence Risk Score (SRS). The SRS proves to be a powerful and independent prognostic indicator, effectively stratifies patients into high- and low-risk groups with distinct overall survival across multiple cohorts. High-risk patients exhibit an "immune-hot" but potentially dysfunctional tumor microenvironment, characterized by enriched immune cell infiltration, elevated checkpoint expression, and distinct metabolic reprogramming favoring pathways such as angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, the SRS correlates with differential somatic mutation profiles and suggests potential sensitivity to specific chemotherapeutic agents. In vitro functional assays confirmed the oncogenic role of SERPINE1, a top-ranked core gene, in promoting GC cell proliferation. Regulatory network analysis revealed potential upstream transcription factors and miRNAs governing the signature. Collectively, we present a validated senescence-related prognostic signature that enables effective risk stratification of patients with gastric cancer.</p>

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Exploring the prognostic role of senescence-related genes in gastric cancer through multi-omics integration and machine learning

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月9日

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  • Yangkun Cao,
  • Dongjie Li,
  • Li Bao,
  • Xiaoling Ding,
  • Yongzhen Guo,
  • Xiaobo Ni,
  • Yang Liu

摘要

Cellular senescence plays a context-dependent role in gastric cancer (GC), functioning both through tumor-suppressive arrest and the tumor-promoting senescence-associated secretory phenotype. However, its systematic integration into prognostic models remains limited. Here, we develop a novel interpretable framework to identify and validate a robust senescence-related gene signature for GC prognosis. We first introduce a dual-model interpretable feature selection strategy that integrates a biologically informed Kolmogorov-Arnold Network with a tabular foundation model to identify cancer-associated senescence genes. From the initial candidates, an ensemble of ten machine learning algorithms distills a core 4-gene signature to construct a Senescence Risk Score (SRS). The SRS proves to be a powerful and independent prognostic indicator, effectively stratifies patients into high- and low-risk groups with distinct overall survival across multiple cohorts. High-risk patients exhibit an "immune-hot" but potentially dysfunctional tumor microenvironment, characterized by enriched immune cell infiltration, elevated checkpoint expression, and distinct metabolic reprogramming favoring pathways such as angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, the SRS correlates with differential somatic mutation profiles and suggests potential sensitivity to specific chemotherapeutic agents. In vitro functional assays confirmed the oncogenic role of SERPINE1, a top-ranked core gene, in promoting GC cell proliferation. Regulatory network analysis revealed potential upstream transcription factors and miRNAs governing the signature. Collectively, we present a validated senescence-related prognostic signature that enables effective risk stratification of patients with gastric cancer.