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Background <p>Congenital hypotrichosis 14 is a nonsyndromic form of alopecia associated with pathogenic variants in the lanosterol synthase (<i>LSS</i>) gene. Recent studies have expanded the spectrum of <i>LSS</i>-related phenotypes, including congenital cataracts, alopecia-intellectual disability syndrome, and palmoplantar keratoderma. Currently, investigations into this disease are still limited, and its treatment remains elusive.</p> Methods <p>In this study, we aimed to report six Chinese patients who were diagnosed with hypotrichosis 14, whose conditions were attributed to five novel and recurrent variants in the <i>LSS</i> gene identified via whole exome sequencing. Moreover, the reported <i>LSS</i> gene has also been summarized.</p> Results <p>We described six patients in five Chinese families with hair loss, and one of whom had a rare accompanying phenotype of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, which has rarely been reported. Five novel variants were discovered in the <i>LSS</i> gene, including c.919_921del (p.His307del), c.1987&#xa0;C &gt; T (p.Arg663Trp), c.982&#xa0;C &gt; T (p.Arg328*), c.1405_1407del (p.Glu469del) and c.193_200dup (p.Pro68Argfs*14).</p> Conclusions <p>Our comprehensive summary of phenotypes caused by <i>LSS</i> gene variants not only enriches the existing knowledge on congenital hypotrichosis 14 but also provides crucial guidance for more accurate genetic counseling and potentially new directions for future research in understanding the disease mechanism and developing targeted therapies.</p>

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Hypotrichosis 14: novel variants of the LSS gene in five Chinese families and insights from literature review

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月22日

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  • Yujing Zhang,
  • Mengxi Zhao,
  • Xiangqian Li,
  • Yongping Zhao,
  • Yijie Sun,
  • Jianzhong Zhang,
  • Cong Yu,
  • Cheng Zhou

摘要

Background

Congenital hypotrichosis 14 is a nonsyndromic form of alopecia associated with pathogenic variants in the lanosterol synthase (LSS) gene. Recent studies have expanded the spectrum of LSS-related phenotypes, including congenital cataracts, alopecia-intellectual disability syndrome, and palmoplantar keratoderma. Currently, investigations into this disease are still limited, and its treatment remains elusive.

Methods

In this study, we aimed to report six Chinese patients who were diagnosed with hypotrichosis 14, whose conditions were attributed to five novel and recurrent variants in the LSS gene identified via whole exome sequencing. Moreover, the reported LSS gene has also been summarized.

Results

We described six patients in five Chinese families with hair loss, and one of whom had a rare accompanying phenotype of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, which has rarely been reported. Five novel variants were discovered in the LSS gene, including c.919_921del (p.His307del), c.1987 C > T (p.Arg663Trp), c.982 C > T (p.Arg328*), c.1405_1407del (p.Glu469del) and c.193_200dup (p.Pro68Argfs*14).

Conclusions

Our comprehensive summary of phenotypes caused by LSS gene variants not only enriches the existing knowledge on congenital hypotrichosis 14 but also provides crucial guidance for more accurate genetic counseling and potentially new directions for future research in understanding the disease mechanism and developing targeted therapies.