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Background <p>Gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in regulating the host’s central nervous system (CNS) activity and behavior. However, its influence on the police performance of Kunming dogs and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. This study was the first to apply multi-omics technologies to investigate the dynamic variations in gut microbiota and their metabolic profiles across different ages of Kunming dogs. Furthermore, we systematically examined the associations between these microbial alterations and police performance metrics, providing a theoretical foundation for enhancing the working capabilities of Kunming dogs through targeted modulation of intestinal microecology.</p> Results <p>The study showed that puppies, young dogs and adult dogs had significantly better police performance than elderly dogs, with young dogs exhibiting the highest scores. Analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that gut microbial diversity and stability were highest during the young dog stage, gradually declining with age. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the abundance of <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>, <i>Lactobacillus johnsonii</i>, <i>Limosilactobacillus reuteri</i>, <i>Ligilactobacillus animalis</i> and <i>Muribaculum gordoncarteri</i> were strongly correlated with police performance. The results of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) indicated that the above species have functional genes involved in GABAergic and glutamatergic synapse pathways. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis showed that differential metabolites were enriched in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, in which GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), histamine and tyramine metabolites were positively correlated with the above species and police performance.</p> Conclusion <p>The species <i>L. acidophilus</i>, <i>L. johnsonii</i>, <i>L. reuteri</i>, <i>L. animalis</i>, and <i>M. gordoncarteri</i>, which were enriched in the gut of puppies and young Kunming dogs, may potentially influence the nervous system through the production of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, suggesting a possible association with police performance.</p> <p><MediaObject ID="MOESM3"> <VideoObject FileRef="MediaObjects/40168_2026_2388_MOESM3_ESM.mp4" VideoID="C1JqnX1pLSMdKP_nmtFJPW"> <Caption Language="En" xml:lang="en"> <CaptionContent> <p>Video Abstract</p> </CaptionContent> </Caption> </VideoObject> </MediaObject></p>

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Characterization of age-related changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome of Kunming dogs and their associations with police performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Le Xu,
  • Chen Liu,
  • Shiyu Chen,
  • Aiguo Mao,
  • Xiannian Zi,
  • Jiqin Li,
  • Xuehai Ge,
  • Qinghua Liu,
  • Shang Wang,
  • Xigu Li,
  • Qianyu Wu,
  • Jiusheng Wan,
  • Zhixiang Zhang,
  • Hu Xu,
  • Jie Li,
  • Qiuye Lin,
  • Zhenhui Cao

摘要

Background

Gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in regulating the host’s central nervous system (CNS) activity and behavior. However, its influence on the police performance of Kunming dogs and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. This study was the first to apply multi-omics technologies to investigate the dynamic variations in gut microbiota and their metabolic profiles across different ages of Kunming dogs. Furthermore, we systematically examined the associations between these microbial alterations and police performance metrics, providing a theoretical foundation for enhancing the working capabilities of Kunming dogs through targeted modulation of intestinal microecology.

Results

The study showed that puppies, young dogs and adult dogs had significantly better police performance than elderly dogs, with young dogs exhibiting the highest scores. Analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that gut microbial diversity and stability were highest during the young dog stage, gradually declining with age. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the abundance of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Ligilactobacillus animalis and Muribaculum gordoncarteri were strongly correlated with police performance. The results of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) indicated that the above species have functional genes involved in GABAergic and glutamatergic synapse pathways. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis showed that differential metabolites were enriched in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, in which GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), histamine and tyramine metabolites were positively correlated with the above species and police performance.

Conclusion

The species L. acidophilus, L. johnsonii, L. reuteri, L. animalis, and M. gordoncarteri, which were enriched in the gut of puppies and young Kunming dogs, may potentially influence the nervous system through the production of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, suggesting a possible association with police performance.

Video Abstract