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Background <p><i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i>, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy in treating respiratory diseases caused by <i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</i> (MG). However, the effective components of <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> are complex, and the material basis for its efficacy anti-MG infection remains unclear.&#xa0;This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> exosome-like nanoparticles (SBELNs) and the key effector molecule, miR159a, regulate inflammation-induced injury caused by MG infection.</p> Methods <p>SBELNs were isolated from <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> root by ultracentrifugation. The in vivo and in vitro transport of SBELNs was investigated through live imaging and laser confocal microscopy after staining with DIR fluorescent dye. Key miRNAs were screened via RNA sequencing, and target genes were predicted using online databases. The interaction between miR159a and its target gene, cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 1 (<i>CNGA1</i>), was validated using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, the regulatory network of the miR159a/CNGA1 axis was systematically analyzed.</p> Results <p>SBELNs can specifically target lung tissue. Subsequently, SBELNs release bioactive components that alleviate the lung inflammatory damage caused by MG infection. This beneficial effect stems from two aspects. Firstly, the flavonoid metabolites encapsulated in SBELNs directly suppress the inflammatory damage caused by MG infection. Secondly, the microRNA in SBELNs regulates calcium ion homeostasis via the miR159a/CNGA1&#xa0;axis. This relieves the intracellular calcium overload induced by MG and participates in the regulation of the immune system by modulating calcium ions. The microRNA in SBELNs regulates calcium ion homeostasis through the miR159a/CNGA1 axis, thereby alleviating MG-induced intracellular calcium overload, mitochondrial damage, excessive ROS, and overactivation of the NF-κB inflammatory pathway.</p> Conclusions <p>This article expounds that SBELNs alleviate lung injury caused by MG infection by regulating calcium homeostasis. This discovery demonstrates the anti-infective capability SBELNs, but also supports the development of natural drug delivery systems.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Scutellaria baicalensis exosome-like nanoparticles combat lung infection caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum by regulating calcium homeostasis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月5日

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  • Yecheng Yao,
  • Ruiying Hu,
  • Yifan Li,
  • Mingyu Yu,
  • Fangbing Xu,
  • Yuquan Guo,
  • Shun Wang,
  • Liyang Guo,
  • Jichang Li,
  • Chunli Chen,
  • Zhiyong Wu

摘要

Background

Scutellaria baicalensis, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy in treating respiratory diseases caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). However, the effective components of Scutellaria baicalensis are complex, and the material basis for its efficacy anti-MG infection remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which Scutellaria baicalensis exosome-like nanoparticles (SBELNs) and the key effector molecule, miR159a, regulate inflammation-induced injury caused by MG infection.

Methods

SBELNs were isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis root by ultracentrifugation. The in vivo and in vitro transport of SBELNs was investigated through live imaging and laser confocal microscopy after staining with DIR fluorescent dye. Key miRNAs were screened via RNA sequencing, and target genes were predicted using online databases. The interaction between miR159a and its target gene, cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 1 (CNGA1), was validated using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, the regulatory network of the miR159a/CNGA1 axis was systematically analyzed.

Results

SBELNs can specifically target lung tissue. Subsequently, SBELNs release bioactive components that alleviate the lung inflammatory damage caused by MG infection. This beneficial effect stems from two aspects. Firstly, the flavonoid metabolites encapsulated in SBELNs directly suppress the inflammatory damage caused by MG infection. Secondly, the microRNA in SBELNs regulates calcium ion homeostasis via the miR159a/CNGA1 axis. This relieves the intracellular calcium overload induced by MG and participates in the regulation of the immune system by modulating calcium ions. The microRNA in SBELNs regulates calcium ion homeostasis through the miR159a/CNGA1 axis, thereby alleviating MG-induced intracellular calcium overload, mitochondrial damage, excessive ROS, and overactivation of the NF-κB inflammatory pathway.

Conclusions

This article expounds that SBELNs alleviate lung injury caused by MG infection by regulating calcium homeostasis. This discovery demonstrates the anti-infective capability SBELNs, but also supports the development of natural drug delivery systems.

Graphical Abstract