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<p>Programmed cell death (PCD), including autophagy, apoptosis, and ferroptosis, is a fundamental biological process that plays a critical role in follicular development and atresia in livestock. In ovaries, the vast majority of follicles undergo atresia, while only a small fraction reach ovulation. Emerging evidence suggests that these three forms of PCD are intricately involved in regulating follicular fate through distinct yet interconnected molecular mechanisms. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the roles of autophagy, apoptosis, and ferroptosis in follicular development and atresia, with a focus on their molecular mechanisms and interactions. By elucidating the complex regulatory networks of PCD in ovarian physiology, this review aims to provide new insights into improving reproductive efficiency in livestock through targeted modulation of these pathways.</p>

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Mechanisms of programmed cell death in livestock follicular development and atresia: a review

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月3日

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  • Shunshun Han,
  • Yimeng Wei,
  • Yuanhang Wei,
  • Xiyu Zhao,
  • Yuqi Chen,
  • Can Cui,
  • Yao Zhang,
  • Huadong Yin

摘要

Programmed cell death (PCD), including autophagy, apoptosis, and ferroptosis, is a fundamental biological process that plays a critical role in follicular development and atresia in livestock. In ovaries, the vast majority of follicles undergo atresia, while only a small fraction reach ovulation. Emerging evidence suggests that these three forms of PCD are intricately involved in regulating follicular fate through distinct yet interconnected molecular mechanisms. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the roles of autophagy, apoptosis, and ferroptosis in follicular development and atresia, with a focus on their molecular mechanisms and interactions. By elucidating the complex regulatory networks of PCD in ovarian physiology, this review aims to provide new insights into improving reproductive efficiency in livestock through targeted modulation of these pathways.