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<p>Nanoplastics (NPs), characterized by their diminutive size and extensive specific surface area, readily accumulate in marine environments and propagate through the food web, inducing oxidative stress and immunotoxicity in marine organisms and thereby threatening ecosystem stability. Although the ecotoxicological effects of NPs on marine zooplankton have garnered significant attention, the stage-specific toxicity mechanisms across their developmental lifecycle remain largely elusive. This study used <i>Artemia</i> as a model to investigate toxicity of 100&#xa0;nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs; 0, 0.5, 5, 10&#xa0;µg/mL) across three continuous developmental stages: CN (Cysts to Nauplius), NM (Nauplius to Metanauplius) and MJ (Metanauplius to Juveniles). Physiological responses, oxidative stress, inflammatory gene expression and gut microbiota were analyzed. Results showed that PSNPs induced acute ROS and MDA accumulation in the CN stage, triggering initial oxidative damage. The TLR-NF-κB-AsIL-17-AfRgly1 pathway was activated, the NM stage acted as a sensitive window, with compensatory failure, acute inflammation and sharply reduced feeding and growth. 16&#xa0;S rRNA sequencing revealed stage-dependent gut microbiota dysbiosis, in which CN showed inhibition then recovery, NM sustained decline, and MJ low-dose adaptation with high-dose damage. This study systematically elucidates the dynamic responses of <i>Artemia</i> to NPs across different developmental stages from individual, cellular, molecular, and microecological dimensions, providing novel insights and theoretical bases for assessing the ecological risks of marine nanoplastic pollution.</p>

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Stage-specific ecotoxicological mechanisms in Artemia: Physiological disruption, immune disorder, and gut microbiota disturbance in response to nanoplastics stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Ganning Zeng,
  • Yan Hong,
  • Wusi Zheng,
  • Shenghua Zheng,
  • Shuiqing Wu,
  • Peirui Liu,
  • Xiangliang Pan

摘要

Nanoplastics (NPs), characterized by their diminutive size and extensive specific surface area, readily accumulate in marine environments and propagate through the food web, inducing oxidative stress and immunotoxicity in marine organisms and thereby threatening ecosystem stability. Although the ecotoxicological effects of NPs on marine zooplankton have garnered significant attention, the stage-specific toxicity mechanisms across their developmental lifecycle remain largely elusive. This study used Artemia as a model to investigate toxicity of 100 nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs; 0, 0.5, 5, 10 µg/mL) across three continuous developmental stages: CN (Cysts to Nauplius), NM (Nauplius to Metanauplius) and MJ (Metanauplius to Juveniles). Physiological responses, oxidative stress, inflammatory gene expression and gut microbiota were analyzed. Results showed that PSNPs induced acute ROS and MDA accumulation in the CN stage, triggering initial oxidative damage. The TLR-NF-κB-AsIL-17-AfRgly1 pathway was activated, the NM stage acted as a sensitive window, with compensatory failure, acute inflammation and sharply reduced feeding and growth. 16 S rRNA sequencing revealed stage-dependent gut microbiota dysbiosis, in which CN showed inhibition then recovery, NM sustained decline, and MJ low-dose adaptation with high-dose damage. This study systematically elucidates the dynamic responses of Artemia to NPs across different developmental stages from individual, cellular, molecular, and microecological dimensions, providing novel insights and theoretical bases for assessing the ecological risks of marine nanoplastic pollution.