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Background <p>Gallstones are common digestive system diseases closely related to metabolic disorders and visceral fat accumulation. As important indicators reflecting metabolic status and fat distribution, the independent and interactive effects of the uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) on the risk of gallstones have not been clarified.</p> Methods <p>This was a cross-sectional study based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020. Logistic regression, subgroup analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, and correlation analysis were used to evaluate the independent and interactive effects of UHR and VAI on gallstone risk, and to explore their associations with liver function indicators and inflammatory indicators, respectively.</p> Results <p>A total of 6,885 participants aged ≥ 20&#xa0;years were included in our study (with 685 gallstone cases). After adjusting for all covariates, only the UHR Q2 group was significantly associated with gallstone risk (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.01–2.15, <i>P</i> = 0.046). Subgroup analysis revealed that gender, race, and education level had interactive effects on the associations between UHR, VAI, and gallstones (<i>P</i> for interaction &lt; 0.05), with a stronger association in females (VAI: OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.14–1.28, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001; UHR: OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.17–1.39, <i>P</i> = 0.001). RCS analysis suggested non-linear relationships between VAI, UHR, and gallstone risk. In addition, both UHR and VAI were significantly correlated with liver function and inflammatory indicators.</p> Conclusion <p>UHR and VAI are positively associated with gallstone risk in partial analyses and may be associated with liver function and inflammatory response. These indices may have preliminary potential in gallstone risk assessment, providing exploratory references for future research on gallstone prevention.</p>

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The associations of uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and visceral adiposity index with gallstone risk: evidence from NHANES 2017–2020

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月27日

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  • Guo Wu,
  • Gang Quan,
  • Lixin Zhang,
  • Haibo Li

摘要

Background

Gallstones are common digestive system diseases closely related to metabolic disorders and visceral fat accumulation. As important indicators reflecting metabolic status and fat distribution, the independent and interactive effects of the uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) on the risk of gallstones have not been clarified.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020. Logistic regression, subgroup analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, and correlation analysis were used to evaluate the independent and interactive effects of UHR and VAI on gallstone risk, and to explore their associations with liver function indicators and inflammatory indicators, respectively.

Results

A total of 6,885 participants aged ≥ 20 years were included in our study (with 685 gallstone cases). After adjusting for all covariates, only the UHR Q2 group was significantly associated with gallstone risk (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.01–2.15, P = 0.046). Subgroup analysis revealed that gender, race, and education level had interactive effects on the associations between UHR, VAI, and gallstones (P for interaction < 0.05), with a stronger association in females (VAI: OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.14–1.28, P < 0.001; UHR: OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.17–1.39, P = 0.001). RCS analysis suggested non-linear relationships between VAI, UHR, and gallstone risk. In addition, both UHR and VAI were significantly correlated with liver function and inflammatory indicators.

Conclusion

UHR and VAI are positively associated with gallstone risk in partial analyses and may be associated with liver function and inflammatory response. These indices may have preliminary potential in gallstone risk assessment, providing exploratory references for future research on gallstone prevention.