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<p>The pandemic nature of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to the global use of vaccines, but their effectiveness on innate immune cells has not been elucidated. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and natural killer (NK) cells have an important role in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis infection as well as vaccination. This study aimed to evaluate MDSC frequency and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in response to different types of COVID-19 vaccines. The results showed that MDSCs frequencies were significantly increased in both Sinopharm and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccinated groups compared to unvaccinated participants and those vaccinated with AstraZeneca. Concerning NK cytotoxicity level, a statistically significant increase was observed in all vaccinated participants compared to unvaccinated volunteers, with a statistical significant increase in the Pfizer-BioNTech group compared to other vaccinated groups. In addition, NK cytotoxicity level was significantly upregulated in vaccinated candidates who received 3 vaccine doses with a vaccination-sampling interval of ≤ 6&#xa0;months. It can be concluded that the lowest frequency of MDSC was demonstrated in AstraZeneca-vaccinated participants, whilst the highest level of NK cytotoxicity was observed in mRNA Pfizer-BioNTech-vaccinated participants compared to their homologous counterparts.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Evaluation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity following COVID-19 vaccination

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月9日

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  • Sara Youssry,
  • Bassem Elsherbini,
  • Asmaa Sobhi,
  • Ashraf K. Awaad,
  • Samia Elsharkawy,
  • Mohammed-Samy Afifi

摘要

The pandemic nature of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to the global use of vaccines, but their effectiveness on innate immune cells has not been elucidated. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and natural killer (NK) cells have an important role in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis infection as well as vaccination. This study aimed to evaluate MDSC frequency and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in response to different types of COVID-19 vaccines. The results showed that MDSCs frequencies were significantly increased in both Sinopharm and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccinated groups compared to unvaccinated participants and those vaccinated with AstraZeneca. Concerning NK cytotoxicity level, a statistically significant increase was observed in all vaccinated participants compared to unvaccinated volunteers, with a statistical significant increase in the Pfizer-BioNTech group compared to other vaccinated groups. In addition, NK cytotoxicity level was significantly upregulated in vaccinated candidates who received 3 vaccine doses with a vaccination-sampling interval of ≤ 6 months. It can be concluded that the lowest frequency of MDSC was demonstrated in AstraZeneca-vaccinated participants, whilst the highest level of NK cytotoxicity was observed in mRNA Pfizer-BioNTech-vaccinated participants compared to their homologous counterparts.

Graphical Abstract