Background <p>The aim of this study is to investigate the association between gonial angle (GA) and the risk of mandibular fractures, including traumatic and iatrogenic cases, using panoramic radiograph measurements.</p> Methods <p>A retrospective study was conducted, analyzing data from 174 patients with mandibular fractures treated at Yanbian University Hospital. A normal group comprised 104 individuals without fractures, in addition to 20 cases of impacted tooth extractions and 20 cases of iatrogenic mandibular fractures sourced from the literature, resulting in a total of 318 cases. The demographic characteristics, including patient age and sex, were thoroughly documented, and GA values were systematically measured based on the measurement methods in the literature combined with orthodontic cephalometric methods.</p> Results <p>In the fracture group, the mean GA value was 124.84 ± 6.56, with females having higher values than males. In the normal group, the average GA values were 121.82 ± 7.84 on the left side and 120.36 ± 7.61 on the right side, indicating a statistically significant lateral difference (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, females in this group had significantly higher GA values than males (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The mean GA values for the iatrogenic fracture group (124.21 ± 4.45) and the traumatic fracture group (124.84 ± 6.54) were considerably higher than those of the normal group (121.09 ± 7.47) and the impacted tooth extraction group (120.46 ± 5.58), with intergroup comparisons demonstrating statistical significance (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusion <p>A higher GA is associated with an increased risk of mandibular fractures including those of traumatic and iatrogenic origin. These findings suggest that GA measurement may serve as a valuable parameter in assessing fracture susceptibility in clinical practice.</p>