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Background <p>Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a valuable biomarker for eosinophilic airway inflammation, with accuracy influenced by expiratory flow rates.</p> Objective <p>To identify optimal FeNO flow rates for detecting airway inflammation in asthma.</p> Methods <p>This prospective cohort study enrolled non-smoking adult (18 healthy controls, 61 asthmatics). FeNO (45, 50, 55, and 200&#xa0;mL/s), complete blood counts, sputum cytology, and spirometry were performed. Correlations between FeNOs and sputum/peripheral eosinophils were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves assessed FeNOs' predictive value for identifying sputum eosinophilia, alone or in combination with peripheral eosinophils.</p> Results <p>FeNO at 50&#xa0;mL/s (FeNO50) exhibited the strongest correlation with peripheral eosinophils (<i>r</i> = 0.51, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and was superior to FeNO45/55 in predicting sputum eosinophilia (AUC = 0.694 for 2% eosinophilia, 0.726 for 3% eosinophilia; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). FeNO200 demonstrated better predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.717 at 2%, 0.743 at 3%), with cutoffs of 9.6&#xa0;ppb (2%) and 10.5&#xa0;ppb (3%). Combining FeNO200 with elevated peripheral eosinophil counts further improved diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.806 at 2%, 0.763 at 3%; peripheral eosinophil cutoffs: 155 and 275 cells/μL, respectively). Moreover, FeNOs correlated more strongly with absolute sputum eosinophil counts compared to percentages. Asthmatics exhibiting both reduced small airway indices and FEV<sub>1</sub> presented significantly elevated FeNO levels.</p> Conclusion <p>Precisely controlling expiratory flow rate at 50&#xa0;mL/s improves the correlation between FeNO and eosinophil counts, while FeNO200 yields superior diagnostic performance. Combining FeNO200 with peripheral eosinophil counts offers a robust strategy for accurately detecting airway eosinophilic inflammation in asthma.</p> <p><i>Clinical Trial Registration</i><b>:</b> ChiCTR2500104677 (Date of Registration: 2025-06-20).</p>

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Identifying optimal flow rates for airway eosinophilia detection in asthma

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月19日

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  • Yiting Wu,
  • Yanmei Lin,
  • Huijuan Hao,
  • Jingwang Lin,
  • Yan Zhou,
  • Yilin Pan,
  • Min Zhang,
  • Wuping Bao

摘要

Background

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a valuable biomarker for eosinophilic airway inflammation, with accuracy influenced by expiratory flow rates.

Objective

To identify optimal FeNO flow rates for detecting airway inflammation in asthma.

Methods

This prospective cohort study enrolled non-smoking adult (18 healthy controls, 61 asthmatics). FeNO (45, 50, 55, and 200 mL/s), complete blood counts, sputum cytology, and spirometry were performed. Correlations between FeNOs and sputum/peripheral eosinophils were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves assessed FeNOs' predictive value for identifying sputum eosinophilia, alone or in combination with peripheral eosinophils.

Results

FeNO at 50 mL/s (FeNO50) exhibited the strongest correlation with peripheral eosinophils (r = 0.51, p < 0.001) and was superior to FeNO45/55 in predicting sputum eosinophilia (AUC = 0.694 for 2% eosinophilia, 0.726 for 3% eosinophilia; p < 0.05). FeNO200 demonstrated better predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.717 at 2%, 0.743 at 3%), with cutoffs of 9.6 ppb (2%) and 10.5 ppb (3%). Combining FeNO200 with elevated peripheral eosinophil counts further improved diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.806 at 2%, 0.763 at 3%; peripheral eosinophil cutoffs: 155 and 275 cells/μL, respectively). Moreover, FeNOs correlated more strongly with absolute sputum eosinophil counts compared to percentages. Asthmatics exhibiting both reduced small airway indices and FEV1 presented significantly elevated FeNO levels.

Conclusion

Precisely controlling expiratory flow rate at 50 mL/s improves the correlation between FeNO and eosinophil counts, while FeNO200 yields superior diagnostic performance. Combining FeNO200 with peripheral eosinophil counts offers a robust strategy for accurately detecting airway eosinophilic inflammation in asthma.

Clinical Trial Registration: ChiCTR2500104677 (Date of Registration: 2025-06-20).