Background <p>Eye disease is a global health issue, and current diagnostic methods are complex, costly and more suitable for final diagnosis. In order to detect abnormal eyes earlier, it is necessary to develop a simple and low-cost method for preliminary diagnosis of eye health. Ocular aberration measurement is a safe routine eye examination, and using its results for diagnosis will be valuable.</p> Methods <p>Using the wavefront parameters of ocular aberrations for diagnosis, including root-mean-square (RMS), peak-to-valley and entropy, were presented in this work. A combined diagnosis was also made with their results through majority voting. The frequency distributions of the parameters for normal and abnormal eye groups were statistically analyzed from 610 sets of aberrations. Subject was diagnosed as the group with a higher frequency by comparing its parameter with the distributions, because it has a higher probability of belonging to the dominant group. 66 test samples were diagnosed, and diagnostic performance was calculated by comparing their results with pathological decisions. The performance of using different parameters and order aberrations for diagnosis was investigated.</p> Results <p>For the two groups of each parameter by using the 2nd−8th orders, the data distributions are significantly different at significance level of 0.05 via both Mann-Whitney test and t-test, and the frequency distributions are also obviously different. The method by using the RMS parameter and the 2nd−8th orders has the best performance, with a sensitivity of 81.8%, a specificity of 90.9%, an accuracy of 86.4%, a positive predictive value of 90.0%, and a negative predictive value of 83.3%.</p> Conclusions <p>The best performing method can basically meet the preliminary diagnostic requirement of eye health. It is safe, simple, low-cost, and potentially applicable in abnormal eye screening and assisted medical shunting.</p>