Background <p>Cervical cancer, often caused by persistent high-risk HPV infection, remains a significant public health challenge with limited treatment options. Chemokines play crucial roles in immune cell recruitment and tumor microenvironment modulation. This study proposes a chemokine-based predictive model to optimize personalized treatment and prognosis.</p> Methods <p>Bulk RNA-seq and clinical data from TCGA–CESC and GSE52903 cohorts were analyzed along with 152 chemokine-related genes (CRGs). Prognostic CRGs were identified via Cox regression, consensus clustering was used for subtypes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed with “limma”. Then, a RiskScore model was developed through Lasso algorithm, and ROC curves were performed for the model performance. CIBERSORT, TIMER, MCP-counter and TIDE were used for the immune differences. Drug sensitivity was analyzed via IMvigor210 cohort and the “oncoPredict” package. GSEA identified enriched pathways, and single-cell RNA-seq (GSE168652) explored the special cell types in tumor and normal tissues. Finally, we examined the model gene expression by qPCR, and cell proliferation, migration and invasion through CCK-8, wound healing and trans-well assay.</p> Results <p>Through the analysis of the TCGA–CESC and GSE52903 cohorts, we first identified 39 prognostic CRGs and subsequently stratified cervical cancer patients into two molecular subtypes (C1/C2) based on their expression profiles. These subtypes exhibited significant differences in overall survival (C1 with a more favorable prognosis than C2) and distinct immune infiltration patterns. We then developed and validated a robust risk score model based on subtype-specific differentially expressed genes, which incorporated six genes (<i>CXCL8</i>, <i>ITGA5</i>, <i>BACE2</i>, <i>CCR7</i>, <i>CERS4</i>, <i>and MEI1</i>). Furthermore, the risk score revealed profound heterogeneity in the tumor immune microenvironment: the low-risk group was characterized by enhanced infiltration of immune cells (e.g., CD8 + T cells, activated CD4 + T cells, and M1 macrophages) and a higher predicted response to immunotherapy, whereas the high-risk group was associated with an immunosuppressive phenotype and T cell dysfunction. Mechanistically, the high-risk signature was linked to the activation of pro-tumorigenic pathways, including focal adhesion, ECM–receptor interaction, and the IL-17 signaling pathway. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis further pinpointed the cellular origins of key model genes, revealing that <i>CXCL8</i> was predominantly highly expressed in tumor-associated monocytes/macrophages. Finally, in vitro functional assays confirmed that <i>CXCL8</i> was significantly upregulated in cervical cancer cells, and its knockdown potently suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.</p> Conclusions <p>This study identified a distinct chemokine-driven molecular classification and constructed a chemokine-related prognostic model for cervical cancer. These findings offer novel insights into tumor immunobiology and provide a promising tool for improving individualized risk stratification and therapeutic strategies for cervical cancer.</p>