Objective <p>This study explored the correlation between interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor (IL-1R/TLRs)-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways and the severity of superficial dermatomycosis.</p> Methods <p>From May 2020 to August 2022, 76 patients with superficial dermatomycosis (infected group) and 52 patients without infection (non-infected group) were enrolled. The indicators related to IL-1R/TLRs pathway were analyzed, and the diagnostic value of the combined detection of each index for superficial dermatomycosis and disease severity was analyzed. The correlation between each index and the severity of infection was analyzed.</p> Results <p>IL-1β, TLR4, IL-6, and TNF-α in the infected group were higher than those in the non-infected group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The AUC of IL-1R/TLRs combined detection in the group diagnosed with a superficial dermatomycosis was higher than that of each single detection (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). IL-1β, TLR4, IL-6, and TNF-α in the severe group were higher than those in the mild group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). IL-1β, TLR4, IL-6, and TNF-α were positively correlated with the degree of infection (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The AUC of IL-1R/TLRs combined detection was higher than that of each single test (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). IL-1β ≥ 2.87&#xa0;ng/L, TLR4 ≥ 3.12&#xa0;ng/L, IL-6 ≥ 4.58&#xa0;ng/L, TNF-α ≥ 70.53&#xa0;ng/L were the influencing factors of severe superficial dermatomycosis (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Conclusion <p>IL-1R/TLRs pathway is related to the severity of superficial dermatomycosis, and the collective identification of each indicator provides diagnostic insight into infection severity.</p>