<p>In recent years, the topic of female entrepreneurship has gained increasing attention from researchers and policymakers. Several studies have widely recognized its role in economic growth and sustainable development. Growing concern about the limits of the prevailing economic development model determines the need to move towards a new paradigm of activity that combines economic growth with sustainability. However, the relationship between female entrepreneurship and sustainability is a less explored aspect, particularly from a country-level perspective. Using a dataset of 49 countries, the authors carried out a comprehensive econometric analysis, based on the PLS-SEM model, analyzing the relationship between female and male entrepreneurship on social sustainability and environmental sustainability and observing the moderating effect of the variable Sustainable Development Goal awareness. The findings confirm that female entrepreneurs have a positive impact on both social and environmental sustainability, with a particularly strong influence on social sustainability compared to environmental outcomes. Similarly, male entrepreneurship also positively affects sustainability, though with a greater emphasis on environmental sustainability. More targeted efforts are needed to promote environmental sustainability among female entrepreneurs and to effectively integrate Sustainable Development Goal awareness into entrepreneurial practices. Enhanced initiatives are necessary as a matter of policy to support women who choose to become entrepreneurs.</p>