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<p>The article examines the rapid expansion of higher education (HE) in Europe since the last decades of twentieth century, which is also fostered by European politics. These politics strive, inter alia, for more social equality by allowing larger parts of the population to obtain HE. The article analyses the recent development of tertiary education rates across Europe and conducts international comparative analysis regarding the relation of graduate rates and the demand for graduates in the labour markets. This analysis is done within the theoretical frameworks of a hypothetical dynamic balance (labour market equilibria) between the shares of highly educated workers on the labour markets and related qualification structure of labour forces in respective countries and EHEA regions. A special section of the article is dedicated to the discussion of legacies and peculiarities of the observed labour marked equilibria in the NIS region (the former USSR republics that are not members of the European Union). The study operates with empirical data from UNESCO and ILO databases for a sample of 44 countries of the EHEA, as well as the USA as a reference country. Results of the empirical study show the prevalence of the demand for graduate workers over the supply of tertiary graduates for most European countries, with the exception of several Post-Soviet countries. The authors conclude that universalisation of HE should be understood as the preferred development under certain conditions. The analysis and conclusions presented in this article are limited by the time period ending in 2017.</p>

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Rapid expansion of tertiary education and regional labour market equilibria in the EHEA and its major European regions: graduates and their tentative jobs (observation of trends 1970s to 2010s)

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Alexander Chvorostov,
  • Natalia Waechter

摘要

The article examines the rapid expansion of higher education (HE) in Europe since the last decades of twentieth century, which is also fostered by European politics. These politics strive, inter alia, for more social equality by allowing larger parts of the population to obtain HE. The article analyses the recent development of tertiary education rates across Europe and conducts international comparative analysis regarding the relation of graduate rates and the demand for graduates in the labour markets. This analysis is done within the theoretical frameworks of a hypothetical dynamic balance (labour market equilibria) between the shares of highly educated workers on the labour markets and related qualification structure of labour forces in respective countries and EHEA regions. A special section of the article is dedicated to the discussion of legacies and peculiarities of the observed labour marked equilibria in the NIS region (the former USSR republics that are not members of the European Union). The study operates with empirical data from UNESCO and ILO databases for a sample of 44 countries of the EHEA, as well as the USA as a reference country. Results of the empirical study show the prevalence of the demand for graduate workers over the supply of tertiary graduates for most European countries, with the exception of several Post-Soviet countries. The authors conclude that universalisation of HE should be understood as the preferred development under certain conditions. The analysis and conclusions presented in this article are limited by the time period ending in 2017.