Background <p>Ecological security depends on maintaining stable and resilient ecosystems, which are dynamic environments formed through complex interactions between biological and physical factors and anthropogenic influences. Ecological security of a region is function of three elements of ecosystem, namely, ecosystem health (EH), ecosystem services (ESs), and ecological risk (ER). These elements as individual or in combination safeguard regional ecosystems from disturbances while ensuring their vital functions endure. The present study focuses on the importance of regional level studies of ecological security in the entire North-Eastern Region (NER) of India, that is under threat of multi-dimensional ecological risk and degradation. The study assess EH, ESs, and ER using multiple factors, their spatial integration, visualisation, and analyses of their spatial relationships.</p> Results <p>The ecological security in NER of India exhibits a heterogenous spatial distribution. Overall, it is characterised by high EH, low ER and a steady supply of ESs. EH is evaluated using vigor-organization-resilience framework, while ESs are assessed using provisioning, regulating, and cultural services.</p> Conclusions <p>The study reveals that forested ecosystems are areas of high ecological security, also characterized by good health and a steady supply of ESs. The ecological security exhibited an inverse relationship with disturbance regimes and forest fragmentation. However, protected area network and proper restoration practices significantly enhance ecological security. The study provides an insight to the importance of sustainable resource management and ecosystem management in the NER region and tropical ecosystems at large.</p>