Background <p>This study investigates the efficiency of entomological surveillance programs in East Azerbaijan Province, focusing on Points of Entry (PoEs) along the Aras River, for the early detection of invasive <i>Aedes</i>. Given the increasing risk of dengue fever due to the presence of <i>Aedes albopictus</i> and <i>Aedes aegypti</i> in neighboring regions, the research aims to assess the distribution of these mosquitoes and other potential vectors.</p> Methods <p>A longitudinal study was conducted from April 2021 to August 2024 in high-risk regions of East Azerbaijan, northwestern Iran. Data collection involved biweekly surveillance at PoEs using ovitraps, larval surveys, and human-baited traps, with evaluations were expanded in July and August 2024 to address increased transportation activity at strategic locations outside the established surveillance program. Data were analyzed to identify population patterns and enhance understanding of mosquito dynamics in the region.</p> Results <p>During a four-year entomological surveillance study, 22,553 mosquito specimens (Family: Culicidae) were collected, with 79% (<i>N</i> = 17,803) from PoEs and the remaining (<i>N</i> = 4,750) belonged to other areas. In PoEs, five species were identified and <i>Culex pipiens</i> was the predominant species (89%). Mosquito populations showed significant variation in abundance, peaking in July and August. In non-PoE locations, 14 species were collected during the study period, including the first detection of <i>Ae. albopictus</i> in East Azerbaijan Province.</p> Discussion and conclusion <p>This study highlights the critical role of mosquito surveillance in detecting and managing invasive species. The dominance of <i>Cx. pipiens</i> and the presence of <i>Ae. albopictus</i> raise concerns about the transmission of arboviruses in the region. Therefore, effective measures for monitoring and controlling mosquito populations are crucial for preventing disease outbreaks in the region.</p>