<p>This paper presents a modified Leslie-Gower model incorporating prey-mediated fear effects and threshold harvesting. First, the existence and stability of equilibria, along with dynamic behaviors including transcritical, saddle-node, and Hopf bifurcations, are theoretically analyzed. Furthermore, numerical simulations are conducted to validate theoretical predictions and explore the effects of fear effects and harvesting on system dynamics, revealing how equilibrium stability and bifurcation patterns are synergistically regulated by the two factors. In the stochastic model framework, noise-induced state transitions are investigated, and critical noise thresholds for such transitions are estimated using both local and global dynamical analysis techniques.</p>