In this paper, we develop an SVIRB cholera transmission dynamic model incorporating both vaccination and media publicity effects. The fundamental properties of the model are investigated, including the non-negativity and boundedness of the solutions, the existence and stability of equilibrium points, and the conditions for the occurrence of forward bifurcation. Subsequently, based on the system and the actual cumulative case data in Somalia, parameter estimation is conducted using the Least Squares Method, and its rationality for the fitting results is assessed. Meanwhile, the calculated basic reproduction number $\bar{R}_{0}=1.9087>1$ indicates that cholera has become epidemic in the Somalia region. Furthermore, we also perfrom a sensitivity analysis for the $\bar{R}_{0}$ on the system is conducted. Finally, the effects of vaccination rate, vaccine waning rate, and media coverage intensity on the dynamics of cholera infection are studied, respectively. At the same time, based on the analysis results, we built an optimal control problem of cholera transmission dynamics considering vaccination, treatment, and sanitation strategies; the existence of an optimal control pair is proved; and the forward-backward sweep method to evaluate the effectiveness of seven different control strategies in terms of epidemic control and associated costs is employed to find the optimal control strategy. Our results indicate that by continuously monitoring environmental pathogens, establishing immune barriers for susceptible populations, enhancing public awareness of disease prevention, and optimizing medical resources, a multi-level and comprehensive prevention and control strategy for cholera outbreaks can be realized.
