<p>This paper presents a new approach to analyze the market equilibrium and economic growth via enriched <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13661_2025_2125_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="74" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mover accent="true"> <mi mathvariant="script">S</mi> <mo>˚</mo> </mover> <mo>,</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">Z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$(\mathring{\mathscr{S}}, \theta , \mathscr{Z})$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-contractions and their generalizations. Developed within normed spaces equipped with binary relations preserving symmetric properties, these classes extend several well-known contractions, including Wardowski’s <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13661_2025_2125_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="24" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">Z</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\mathscr{Z}}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-contractions, Banach contractions, enriched contractions, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13661_2025_2125_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="48" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">Z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$(\theta , {\mathscr{Z}})$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-enriched contractions. The Krasnoselskij iteration method is further refined to incorporate symmetric constraints, enabling the effective identification of fixed points within these spaces. By suitably choosing constants, binary relations, or control functions, our framework extends classical fixed point theorems, with illustrative examples demonstrating its significance and broad applicability. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these constructs enhance the stability of market equilibrium and economic growth models. A Krasnoselskij-type projection algorithm is proposed for variational inequality problems within the class of generalized enriched Bianchini contractions, ensuring existence, uniqueness, and strong convergence of solutions. Numerical experiments confirm its superior stability and faster convergence compared to the classical Picard iteration.</p>

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Certain fixed point results for novel contractions with applications to variational inequalities, economic growth and market equilibrium via fractional differential equations

  • Mati ur Rahman,
  • Muhammad Asif,
  • Nehad Ali Shah,
  • Muhammad Din

摘要

This paper presents a new approach to analyze the market equilibrium and economic growth via enriched ( S ˚ , θ , Z ) $(\mathring{\mathscr{S}}, \theta , \mathscr{Z})$ -contractions and their generalizations. Developed within normed spaces equipped with binary relations preserving symmetric properties, these classes extend several well-known contractions, including Wardowski’s Z ${\mathscr{Z}}$ -contractions, Banach contractions, enriched contractions, and ( θ , Z ) $(\theta , {\mathscr{Z}})$ -enriched contractions. The Krasnoselskij iteration method is further refined to incorporate symmetric constraints, enabling the effective identification of fixed points within these spaces. By suitably choosing constants, binary relations, or control functions, our framework extends classical fixed point theorems, with illustrative examples demonstrating its significance and broad applicability. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these constructs enhance the stability of market equilibrium and economic growth models. A Krasnoselskij-type projection algorithm is proposed for variational inequality problems within the class of generalized enriched Bianchini contractions, ensuring existence, uniqueness, and strong convergence of solutions. Numerical experiments confirm its superior stability and faster convergence compared to the classical Picard iteration.