<p>We consider the <i>p</i>-Laplace eigenvalue problem <Equation ID="Equa"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13661_2025_2016_Article_Equa.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="393" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>w</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi>w</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.25em" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="2em" /> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext>on</mtext> <mspace width="0.25em" /> <mi>∂</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( -\Delta _{p} u=\lambda |u|_{q, w}^{p-q} w(x)|u|^{q-2} u \quad {\text{in}} \ \Omega , \qquad u=0 \quad {\text{on}}\ \partial \Omega , \)</EquationSource> </Equation> having a nonlocal term <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13661_2025_2016_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="169" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>w</mi> </mrow> <mi>q</mi> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> <mi>w</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>q</mi> </msup> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$|u|_{q, w}^{q}=\int _{\Omega} w|u|^{q} d x&gt;0$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The first eigenvalue is well known as the best constant of the Sobolev–Poicaré inequality. In this paper, we give the existence of the least eigenvalue <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13661_2025_2016_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="23" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>q</mi> <mi>w</mi> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\mu _{q}^{w}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that the equation has a nodal solution. We show that <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13661_2025_2016_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="23" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>q</mi> <mi>w</mi> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\mu _{q}^{w}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> coincides with the second eigenvalue in <i>p</i>-sublinear case (<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13661_2025_2016_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="73" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mn>1</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>p</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$1&lt; q&lt; p$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) provided <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13661_2025_2016_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="45" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>w</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$w \geq 0$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> a.e. in Ω. In <i>p</i>-superlinear case (<InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13661_2025_2016_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="80" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>p</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <msup> <mi>p</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$p&lt; q&lt; p^{*}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), we characterize <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13661_2025_2016_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="23" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>q</mi> <mi>w</mi> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\mu _{q}^{w}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> by the minimax value using the Rayleigh quotient.</p>

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Remarks on the non-local eigenvalue problems for the p-Laplacian

  • Mieko Tanaka

摘要

We consider the p-Laplace eigenvalue problem Δ p u = λ | u | q , w p q w ( x ) | u | q 2 u in Ω , u = 0 on Ω , \( -\Delta _{p} u=\lambda |u|_{q, w}^{p-q} w(x)|u|^{q-2} u \quad {\text{in}} \ \Omega , \qquad u=0 \quad {\text{on}}\ \partial \Omega , \) having a nonlocal term | u | q , w q = Ω w | u | q d x > 0 $|u|_{q, w}^{q}=\int _{\Omega} w|u|^{q} d x>0$ . The first eigenvalue is well known as the best constant of the Sobolev–Poicaré inequality. In this paper, we give the existence of the least eigenvalue μ q w $\mu _{q}^{w}$ such that the equation has a nodal solution. We show that μ q w $\mu _{q}^{w}$ coincides with the second eigenvalue in p-sublinear case ( 1 < q < p $1< q< p$ ) provided w 0 $w \geq 0$ a.e. in Ω. In p-superlinear case ( p < q < p $p< q< p^{*}$ ), we characterize μ q w $\mu _{q}^{w}$ by the minimax value using the Rayleigh quotient.