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<p>Predominant blood glucose detection techniques are based on finger stick testing with dry taps, finger trauma, pain, and dependency on biochemicals. The prevailing microwave-based approaches lack suitable dielectric contrast sensitivity due to far-field sensing, which displays unreliable characterization of blood glucose concentrations. This study addresses these gaps by developing a near-field sensor for continuous monitoring of blood glucose in interstitial fluid for type 2 diabetic patients. The proposed microwave sensor is based on a dual L-shaped symmetric parasitic element and a complementary rectangular mesh ring resonator. For variations in interstitial fluid permittivity, the former sensor displays a sensitivity of 139 – 605&#xa0;MHz/RIU and the latter sensor displays a sensitivity of 701 – 748&#xa0;MHz/RIU for glucose concentrations between 0&#xa0;mg/dL and 500&#xa0;mg/dL, respectively. With improved sensitivity, the complementary rectangular mesh ring resonator sensor has been prototyped, demonstrating reliable resonance variation for real-time glucose concentration measurements with stable performance for continuous monitoring in diabetes management.</p>

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Near-field radio sensing for continuous blood glucose characterization for type 2 diabetic patients

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月24日

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  • Abirami Karthikeyan,
  • Rajesh Anbazhagan,
  • Manikandan Chinnusami,
  • Pakkir Hussain Basha

摘要

Predominant blood glucose detection techniques are based on finger stick testing with dry taps, finger trauma, pain, and dependency on biochemicals. The prevailing microwave-based approaches lack suitable dielectric contrast sensitivity due to far-field sensing, which displays unreliable characterization of blood glucose concentrations. This study addresses these gaps by developing a near-field sensor for continuous monitoring of blood glucose in interstitial fluid for type 2 diabetic patients. The proposed microwave sensor is based on a dual L-shaped symmetric parasitic element and a complementary rectangular mesh ring resonator. For variations in interstitial fluid permittivity, the former sensor displays a sensitivity of 139 – 605 MHz/RIU and the latter sensor displays a sensitivity of 701 – 748 MHz/RIU for glucose concentrations between 0 mg/dL and 500 mg/dL, respectively. With improved sensitivity, the complementary rectangular mesh ring resonator sensor has been prototyped, demonstrating reliable resonance variation for real-time glucose concentration measurements with stable performance for continuous monitoring in diabetes management.