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<p>Cardiac monitoring during exercise testing is highly susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI), channel instability, and latency limitations associated with conventional radio-frequency (RF) telemetry systems. To overcome these challenges, this study proposes and experimentally validates a motion-resilient biomedical communication framework based on a Software-Defined Radio (SDR)-enabled MIMO Visible Light Communication (VLC) system integrated with frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) signaling. The proposed architecture enables reliable and high-fidelity cardiac data transmission under continuous patient movement. The USRP B210 SDR platform dynamically adjusts modulation schemes and exploits MIMO spatial diversity to mitigate optical fading and motion-induced channel variations, ensuring stable real-time performance. Experimental validation was conducted across multiple treadmill exercise stages and compared with conventional RF and single-input VLC systems. The experimental results demonstrate a bit error rate (BER) below 10<sup>−4</sup>, end-to-end latency under 5&#xa0;ms, data integrity exceeding 99%, and an SNR improvement of 4.3&#xa0;dB. The system achieved accurate ECG reconstruction with 98.7% signal fidelity, while maintaining a high correlation coefficient (<i>r</i> = 0.992) with clinical reference signals. These findings clearly demonstrate that the proposed EMI-free MIMO–FMCW VLC system provides a robust, scalable, and clinically reliable solution, with potential applications in exercise diagnostics, ambulatory monitoring, and next-generation hospital-to-home healthcare systems.</p>

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Motion-tolerant software-defined radio: MIMO—FMCW VLC for accurate high-speed cardiac telemetry

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月15日

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  • Padmapriya Veerappan,
  • Kalaivani Ramanathan

摘要

Cardiac monitoring during exercise testing is highly susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI), channel instability, and latency limitations associated with conventional radio-frequency (RF) telemetry systems. To overcome these challenges, this study proposes and experimentally validates a motion-resilient biomedical communication framework based on a Software-Defined Radio (SDR)-enabled MIMO Visible Light Communication (VLC) system integrated with frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) signaling. The proposed architecture enables reliable and high-fidelity cardiac data transmission under continuous patient movement. The USRP B210 SDR platform dynamically adjusts modulation schemes and exploits MIMO spatial diversity to mitigate optical fading and motion-induced channel variations, ensuring stable real-time performance. Experimental validation was conducted across multiple treadmill exercise stages and compared with conventional RF and single-input VLC systems. The experimental results demonstrate a bit error rate (BER) below 10−4, end-to-end latency under 5 ms, data integrity exceeding 99%, and an SNR improvement of 4.3 dB. The system achieved accurate ECG reconstruction with 98.7% signal fidelity, while maintaining a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.992) with clinical reference signals. These findings clearly demonstrate that the proposed EMI-free MIMO–FMCW VLC system provides a robust, scalable, and clinically reliable solution, with potential applications in exercise diagnostics, ambulatory monitoring, and next-generation hospital-to-home healthcare systems.