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Background <p>Despite the increasing use of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) in cardiogenic shock (CS), reliable predictors of successful weaning remain poorly defined. This study investigated the role of carbon dioxide elimination parameters in VA-ECMO weaning.</p> Methods and results <p>To assess the potential role of end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO<sub>2</sub>) in predicting successful VA-ECMO weaning, we conducted a prospective observational study at Anzhen Hospital between January 2023 and December 2024. The primary endpoint was the predictive performance of EtCO<sub>2</sub> and VCO<sub>2</sub>NL ratio for successful VA-ECMO weaning. Real-time EtCO<sub>2</sub> monitoring was performed using infrared capnography in mechanically ventilated patients, and the ratio of native lung carbon dioxide elimination (VCO<sub>2</sub>NL) to total carbon dioxide elimination (VCO<sub>2</sub>TOT) was calculated as the VCO<sub>2</sub>NL ratio. Dynamic changes in these parameters were analysed in relation to weaning outcomes. Among 294 patients receiving VA-ECMO for refractory CS during the study period, 91 were included, yielding 562 data points. Both EtCO<sub>2</sub> (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17–1.37, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) and the VCO<sub>2</sub>NL ratio (1.14, 95% CI 1.09–1.21, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) showed significant correlations with successful weaning. A VCO<sub>2</sub>NL ratio &gt; 79% and EtCO<sub>2</sub> &gt; 34&#xa0;mmHg showed strong predictive value for successful weaning (area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve values of 0.85 [95% CI 0.80–0.89] and 0.84 [95% CI 0.79–0.89], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001).</p> Conclusions <p>EtCO<sub>2</sub> and the VCO<sub>2</sub>NL ratio may be valuable indicators for predicting successful VA-ECMO weaning. Higher EtCO<sub>2</sub> and VCO<sub>2</sub>NL ratio values are associated with a greater likelihood of successful weaning.</p>

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Carbon dioxide elimination as a guide to venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation weaning: a prospective observational study

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月14日

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  • Yazhu Yang,
  • Liangshan Wang,
  • Chenglong Li,
  • Hong Wang,
  • Xin Hao,
  • Yan Wang,
  • Yiwen Wang,
  • Ruike Lu,
  • Xiaotong Hou,
  • Zhongtao Du

摘要

Background

Despite the increasing use of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) in cardiogenic shock (CS), reliable predictors of successful weaning remain poorly defined. This study investigated the role of carbon dioxide elimination parameters in VA-ECMO weaning.

Methods and results

To assess the potential role of end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) in predicting successful VA-ECMO weaning, we conducted a prospective observational study at Anzhen Hospital between January 2023 and December 2024. The primary endpoint was the predictive performance of EtCO2 and VCO2NL ratio for successful VA-ECMO weaning. Real-time EtCO2 monitoring was performed using infrared capnography in mechanically ventilated patients, and the ratio of native lung carbon dioxide elimination (VCO2NL) to total carbon dioxide elimination (VCO2TOT) was calculated as the VCO2NL ratio. Dynamic changes in these parameters were analysed in relation to weaning outcomes. Among 294 patients receiving VA-ECMO for refractory CS during the study period, 91 were included, yielding 562 data points. Both EtCO2 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17–1.37, p < 0.0001) and the VCO2NL ratio (1.14, 95% CI 1.09–1.21, p < 0.0001) showed significant correlations with successful weaning. A VCO2NL ratio > 79% and EtCO2 > 34 mmHg showed strong predictive value for successful weaning (area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve values of 0.85 [95% CI 0.80–0.89] and 0.84 [95% CI 0.79–0.89], p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

EtCO2 and the VCO2NL ratio may be valuable indicators for predicting successful VA-ECMO weaning. Higher EtCO2 and VCO2NL ratio values are associated with a greater likelihood of successful weaning.