<p><i>Shiraia bambusicola</i> is a valuable medicinal fungus parasitic on bamboo, and extracting its active substances represents a sustainable resource utilization strategy. Conidial production is crucial for in the industrial utilization and growth of <i>S. bambusicola</i>. Since light significantly affects its development, we investigated how different light conditions influence conidial production. Blue light induced conidia production 6 days earlier than darkness and increased yield by 7.04-fold, accompanied by thickened mycelia with little change in conidial morphology. Proteomic analysis of blue light-induced conidiation identified 455 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), and most of them were down-regulated. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation results of DEPs showed that the biological process of <i>S. bambusicola</i> conidiation is complex, and the carbohydrate metabolic process is the most significant one. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathway and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) database analysis showed that carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and phagosome pathway may be mainly involved. Blue light treatment significantly changed the abundance of calcium ion binding (CIB), phospholipase (PL), calreticulin (CRT), calnexin (CANX). The addition of calcium ions (Ca²⁺) inhibitors BAPTA-AM significantly affected conidial production, as well as the relative contents of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (<i>CaMK</i>), <i>CANX</i>, and glycoside hydrolase (<i>GH</i>). In contrast, supplementation with Ca²⁺ and LaCl₃ had no significant effect on the conidial production. The results showed that Ca²⁺ was involved in the conidiation, primarily originating from intracellular calcium pools. This study supports the use of blue light in industrial conidial production and provides proteomic insights into the molecular mechanisms of conidia formation, highlighting the role of Ca²⁺ in fungal development.</p>