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<p>Canine influenza virus (CIV) H3N2 continues to circulate among companion animals, posing a zoonotic risk due to its potential for cross-species transmission. However, currently available inactivated vaccines offer limited mucosal immunity and suboptimal protection. Here, we developed a novel intranasal live attenuated CIV H3N2 vaccine carrying a truncated nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) gene and evaluated its safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy in beagle dogs. The NS1-truncated LAIV was well-tolerated and induced robust mucosal and systemic immune responses, including high titers of virus-specific secretory IgA. Following challenge with virulent CIV H3N2 at 120&#xa0;days post-vaccination, LAIV-immunized dogs exhibited complete clinical protection and minimal viral shedding, whereas dogs receiving the inactivated vaccine showed moderate disease signs. These findings demonstrate that the NS1-truncated LAIV confers superior protection compared to conventional vaccines and represents a promising next-generation platform for canine influenza control within a One Health framework.</p>

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Intranasal NS1-truncated live attenuated canine influenza vaccine confers superior protection compared to inactivated vaccine in beagles

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月25日

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  • Jaehyun Hwang,
  • Sun-Woo Yoon,
  • Eulhae Ga,
  • Jaeseok Choi,
  • Suyun Moon,
  • Eunseo Bae,
  • Hyeongcheol Yun,
  • Dohyeok Yu,
  • Hye Kwon Kim,
  • Jung-Ah Kang,
  • Minjoo Yeom,
  • Jong-Woo Lim,
  • Dae Gwin Jeong,
  • Xing Xie,
  • Daesub Song,
  • Woonsung Na

摘要

Canine influenza virus (CIV) H3N2 continues to circulate among companion animals, posing a zoonotic risk due to its potential for cross-species transmission. However, currently available inactivated vaccines offer limited mucosal immunity and suboptimal protection. Here, we developed a novel intranasal live attenuated CIV H3N2 vaccine carrying a truncated nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) gene and evaluated its safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy in beagle dogs. The NS1-truncated LAIV was well-tolerated and induced robust mucosal and systemic immune responses, including high titers of virus-specific secretory IgA. Following challenge with virulent CIV H3N2 at 120 days post-vaccination, LAIV-immunized dogs exhibited complete clinical protection and minimal viral shedding, whereas dogs receiving the inactivated vaccine showed moderate disease signs. These findings demonstrate that the NS1-truncated LAIV confers superior protection compared to conventional vaccines and represents a promising next-generation platform for canine influenza control within a One Health framework.