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Objective <p>To estimate the effect of economic recessions on health inequality, with a focus on identifying recessions that have a health component.</p> Methods <p>This retrospective observational study uses the interannual rate of change in gross domestic product (GDP) as an indicator of economic conditions, and life expectancy at birth among Mexican states as a measure of health inequality. We calculated the Gini coefficient of life expectancy for the period 1980 to 2021 and examined its relationship with identified recessions through graphical analysis and an interrupted time series model.</p> Results <p>The disparity in life expectancy at birth between states decreased over the study period. However, the Gini coefficient of life expectancy showed an inverse relationship with the interannual rate of GDP change, indicating increased inequality during economic recessions, with the most pronounced effect observed during the COVID-19-associated recession in 2020.</p> Conclusion <p>Economic recessions have detrimental effects on health, exacerbating pre-existing inequalities. It is crucial to implement protection mechanisms targeted at socially vulnerable populations to mitigate these effects and prevent the widening of health inequalities.</p>

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Relationship between economic recessions and health inequity: analysis of the gap in life expectancy at birth between Mexican States

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月28日

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  • Juan Pablo Gutiérrez,
  • Karina Mendoza,
  • Armando Sánchez-Vargas,
  • Stefano M. Bertozzi

摘要

Objective

To estimate the effect of economic recessions on health inequality, with a focus on identifying recessions that have a health component.

Methods

This retrospective observational study uses the interannual rate of change in gross domestic product (GDP) as an indicator of economic conditions, and life expectancy at birth among Mexican states as a measure of health inequality. We calculated the Gini coefficient of life expectancy for the period 1980 to 2021 and examined its relationship with identified recessions through graphical analysis and an interrupted time series model.

Results

The disparity in life expectancy at birth between states decreased over the study period. However, the Gini coefficient of life expectancy showed an inverse relationship with the interannual rate of GDP change, indicating increased inequality during economic recessions, with the most pronounced effect observed during the COVID-19-associated recession in 2020.

Conclusion

Economic recessions have detrimental effects on health, exacerbating pre-existing inequalities. It is crucial to implement protection mechanisms targeted at socially vulnerable populations to mitigate these effects and prevent the widening of health inequalities.