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Background <p>Chemotherapy can cause oral complications either directly, by inducing mucosal degeneration, or indirectly, through myelosuppression leading to neutropenia. Neutropenia, a common side effect, is often associated with multiple oral ulcers.</p> Case presentation <p>A 39-year-old Arabic Syrian man with acute myelogenous leukemia developed neutropenia following his initial chemotherapy course, resulting in oral ulcers. A complete blood count confirmed chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, and the clinical presentation supported the diagnosis of neutropenic ulcers. The patient’s chemotherapy regimen was temporarily halted, and a topical corticosteroid paste containing triamcinolone acetonide was applied three times daily for 7&#xa0;days. This treatment led to significant regression of the ulcers. The patient provided written informed consent after receiving a detailed explanation of the study’s objectives, procedures, and privacy considerations.</p> Conclusion <p>Topical corticosteroid treatment effectively promoted significant regression of neutropenic ulcers in this case.</p>

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Oral ulcers in hematological malignancy patients undergoing chemotherapy: is it chemotherapy or neutropenia?: a case report and review of the literature

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月17日

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  • Fatima AlZahraa Al Beesh,
  • Nafiza Martini,
  • Siham Suleiman,
  • Abeer Aljoujou

摘要

Background

Chemotherapy can cause oral complications either directly, by inducing mucosal degeneration, or indirectly, through myelosuppression leading to neutropenia. Neutropenia, a common side effect, is often associated with multiple oral ulcers.

Case presentation

A 39-year-old Arabic Syrian man with acute myelogenous leukemia developed neutropenia following his initial chemotherapy course, resulting in oral ulcers. A complete blood count confirmed chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, and the clinical presentation supported the diagnosis of neutropenic ulcers. The patient’s chemotherapy regimen was temporarily halted, and a topical corticosteroid paste containing triamcinolone acetonide was applied three times daily for 7 days. This treatment led to significant regression of the ulcers. The patient provided written informed consent after receiving a detailed explanation of the study’s objectives, procedures, and privacy considerations.

Conclusion

Topical corticosteroid treatment effectively promoted significant regression of neutropenic ulcers in this case.