Background <p>This cross-sectional comparative study examined differences in body mass index (BMI), nutritional knowledge, and eating behaviors between dancer and non-dancer university students. Given the physical and aesthetic demands of dance, understanding potential differences in health-related characteristics in this population is of particular importance.</p> Methods <p>Seventy female undergraduates (35 dancers and 35 non-dancers, aged 17–22 years) were recruited. Height, weight, and BMI were measured using the InBody 970 analyzer. Nutritional knowledge was assessed using the Chinese version of the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (C-GNKQ), and disordered eating risk was evaluated using the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26)©. Group differences were analyzed using independent t-tests, with effect sizes (Cohen’s d) calculated to estimate the magnitude of differences.</p> Results <p>Dancers were significantly taller than non-dancers (<i>P</i> = 0.003, d = 0.74) and had a lower BMI (<i>P</i> = 0.023, d = 0.82). No statistically significant difference was observed in overall C-GNKQ scores (<i>P</i> = 0.128, d = 0.37), although dancers scored higher in the dietary knowledge subscale (<i>P</i> = 0.037, d = 0.52). EAT-26© scores were higher in dancers, but the difference was not statistically significant (<i>P</i> = 0.147, d = 0.35). Additional Spearman correlation analyses revealed no significant associations among BMI, C-GNKQ scores, and EAT-26© scores (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05).</p>