Scholarlink

Objective <p>This research establishes baseline compositional data for fermented <i>Gallus gallus</i> foot keratin–bone composites to generate a peptide–mineral concentrate candidate to partially replace other feed ingredients of animal origin in aquaculture. Cofermentation with <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> (1:1; 5% inoculum) was carried out at 30&#xa0;°C for 28 days across five keratin–bone composite ratios (T₁–T₅). Proximate parameters—moisture, crude protein, fat, fiber, and ash—were quantified through standardized gravimetric and colorimetric methods; results were subjected to one-way multivariate analysis of variance, univariate analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation analysis.</p> Results <p>Significant compositional differences were observed among treatments (Wilks’ Λ = 4.64 × 10⁻¹², <i>p</i> &lt; &lt; 0.001), with large effect sizes for all parameters (η² ≥ 0.87). The highest protein content (76.67%, dry weight) occurred in exclusive keratinous biomass, whereas ash content peaked at 26.26% in exclusive bone residues. Moisture, protein, fat, and fiber positively covaried (<i>r</i> ≥ .934) and contrasted strongly with ash (|<i>r</i>| ≥ 0.905). Formulations may therefore be theoretically tuned to align with dietary strategies for certain ontogenetic stages, pending validation against species-specific requirement data and feeding trials. Validation through in vivo digestibility and amino acid profiling is further recommended; without such validation, the findings remain preliminary and limited to compositional characterization.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Fermented Gallus gallus foot keratin–bone composites as peptide–mineral concentrate for aquafeed: ratio-dependent proximate compositional data

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月17日

查看全文
  • Samuel Victor Viñas,
  • Jhoechell Francisco,
  • David Dean Cape

摘要

Objective

This research establishes baseline compositional data for fermented Gallus gallus foot keratin–bone composites to generate a peptide–mineral concentrate candidate to partially replace other feed ingredients of animal origin in aquaculture. Cofermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (1:1; 5% inoculum) was carried out at 30 °C for 28 days across five keratin–bone composite ratios (T₁–T₅). Proximate parameters—moisture, crude protein, fat, fiber, and ash—were quantified through standardized gravimetric and colorimetric methods; results were subjected to one-way multivariate analysis of variance, univariate analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation analysis.

Results

Significant compositional differences were observed among treatments (Wilks’ Λ = 4.64 × 10⁻¹², p < < 0.001), with large effect sizes for all parameters (η² ≥ 0.87). The highest protein content (76.67%, dry weight) occurred in exclusive keratinous biomass, whereas ash content peaked at 26.26% in exclusive bone residues. Moisture, protein, fat, and fiber positively covaried (r ≥ .934) and contrasted strongly with ash (|r| ≥ 0.905). Formulations may therefore be theoretically tuned to align with dietary strategies for certain ontogenetic stages, pending validation against species-specific requirement data and feeding trials. Validation through in vivo digestibility and amino acid profiling is further recommended; without such validation, the findings remain preliminary and limited to compositional characterization.