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Objective <p>This study investigated the histopathological effects of codeine on brain and liver tissues in 24 adult albino rats. The rats were divided into four groups: a control group and three experimental groups that received oral codeine at 5&#xa0;mg/kg, 10&#xa0;mg/kg, and 20&#xa0;mg/kg for 14 and 28 days. At each time point, animals were sacrificed, and histological examination of the brain (hippocampus and cerebral cortex) and liver was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining.</p> Results <p>A dose-dependent neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, with higher doses causing severe neurodegeneration, was demonstrated. Liver histology revealed inflammatory infiltration, fatty degeneration, and hepatocyte necrosis in codeine-treated groups. Despite comparable histological injury at both durations, a statistically significant increase in body weight was observed at 28 days. Codeine administration leads to dose- and duration-dependent neurotoxic, and hepatotoxic changes, likely mediated by mechanisms involving neuroinflammation, glutamate excitotoxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction.</p>

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Effect of codeine administration on histopathology of brain and liver, in adult albino rats

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月30日

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  • Hani Mohamed Mohamud,
  • Charles Idehen,
  • Bot Yakubu Sunday,
  • Yibala Ibor Oboma,
  • Mirna Batista,
  • Idania Hidalgo,
  • Maria Ali Mudei,
  • Mustfe Ahmed Awil,
  • Yahya Ahmed Abdi,
  • Shafie Ali Omar,
  • Eliah Kwizera

摘要

Objective

This study investigated the histopathological effects of codeine on brain and liver tissues in 24 adult albino rats. The rats were divided into four groups: a control group and three experimental groups that received oral codeine at 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg for 14 and 28 days. At each time point, animals were sacrificed, and histological examination of the brain (hippocampus and cerebral cortex) and liver was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining.

Results

A dose-dependent neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, with higher doses causing severe neurodegeneration, was demonstrated. Liver histology revealed inflammatory infiltration, fatty degeneration, and hepatocyte necrosis in codeine-treated groups. Despite comparable histological injury at both durations, a statistically significant increase in body weight was observed at 28 days. Codeine administration leads to dose- and duration-dependent neurotoxic, and hepatotoxic changes, likely mediated by mechanisms involving neuroinflammation, glutamate excitotoxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction.