Background <p>Sports-related dental and maxillofacial trauma remains a significant oral health problem in contact sports. This study aimed to investigate dental trauma experience, mouthguard use patterns, and post-traumatic dental care behaviours among elite combat sport athletes and to compare these outcomes according to sport contact intensity.</p> Methods <p>A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 357 athletes involved in collision, contact, and limited-contact sports. Data on dental trauma history, mouthguard awareness and use, and post-traumatic dental care behaviours were collected. Comparisons between sport groups were performed using Pearson’s chi-square, Kruskal–Wallis, and multinomial logistic regression analyses (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Results <p>Mouthguard awareness was reported by 78.7% of athletes, and 84.9% perceived a risk of orofacial injury. Dental trauma during training or competition was reported by 37.3% of participants; however, only 21.1% sought professional dental care following injury. Mouthguard use was low, particularly during training, where 62.7% reported never using one. Athletes participating in collision sports more frequently believed that their sport required orofacial protection (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and reported more frequent mouthguard use during national and international competitions (both <i>p</i> = 0.001).</p> Conclusions <p>Dental trauma was common, whereas mouthguard use and post-traumatic dental attendance remained inadequate. Although awareness of mouthguards was relatively high, it did not consistently translate into preventive behaviours, particularly during training. Targeted educational strategies and wider promotion of properly fitted mouthguards may improve injury prevention and post-traumatic care.</p>