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Background <p>Although previous studies have described the physical responses of female footballers with cerebral palsy, little is known about the temporal changes in their physical responses during match play. This study aimed to analyze the progression of physical responses between the first and second halves, the first and last 15&#xa0;min, and across 5&#xa0;min intervals of the matches played by international female football players with cerebral palsy (CP) during a Worldwide competition and considering their sport class (FT1, FT2, and FT3).</p> Methods <p>Thirty-five international-level female footballers with CP participated in this study. The physical responses were recorded using global positioning devices (WIMU PRO devices).</p> Results <p>Players with severe impairments (i.e., FT1) decreased their performance in almost all analyzed variables (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.02, ES = 0.71 to 2.03), footballers with mild impairments (i.e., FT2) decreased their performance in total and walking distances (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05, ES = 0.63 and 0.62, respectively), and players with minimal limitations (i.e., FT3) only decreased values in jogging distance (<i>p</i> = 0.03, ES = 3.08) in the second half compared to the first. However, FT1 footballers did not decrease their performance in the last 15&#xa0;min of the match compared to the first 15&#xa0;min in any variable; whereas FT2 players presented a lower performance in total, explosive, medium speed running distances and maximum speed (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05, ES = 0.35 to 0.57), and FT3 players also decreased their performance in total, explosive and jogging distances (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05, ES = 0.79 to 1.17). When the match was analyzed in 5&#xa0;min intervals, FT1 footballers showed higher performance in the first and last 5&#xa0;min of the matches; meanwhile, FT2 and FT3 players exhibited progressive decline in physical performance towards the end of the match.</p> Conclusions <p>The evolution of physical responses during international matches highlighted the influence of both match period and sport class, revealing distinct temporal patterns among female footballers with cerebral palsy. These findings may help technical staff optimize training prescription and coaching strategies, while also providing valuable information to support evidence-informed classification processes.</p>

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Physical responses of international female footballers with cerebral palsy: an analysis by periods and intervals at world cup matches

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Oier Berasategui,
  • Daniel Castillo,
  • Raúl Reina,
  • Matías Henríquez,
  • Aitor Iturricastillo,
  • Josu Ascondo,
  • Javier Yanci

摘要

Background

Although previous studies have described the physical responses of female footballers with cerebral palsy, little is known about the temporal changes in their physical responses during match play. This study aimed to analyze the progression of physical responses between the first and second halves, the first and last 15 min, and across 5 min intervals of the matches played by international female football players with cerebral palsy (CP) during a Worldwide competition and considering their sport class (FT1, FT2, and FT3).

Methods

Thirty-five international-level female footballers with CP participated in this study. The physical responses were recorded using global positioning devices (WIMU PRO devices).

Results

Players with severe impairments (i.e., FT1) decreased their performance in almost all analyzed variables (p < 0.02, ES = 0.71 to 2.03), footballers with mild impairments (i.e., FT2) decreased their performance in total and walking distances (p < 0.05, ES = 0.63 and 0.62, respectively), and players with minimal limitations (i.e., FT3) only decreased values in jogging distance (p = 0.03, ES = 3.08) in the second half compared to the first. However, FT1 footballers did not decrease their performance in the last 15 min of the match compared to the first 15 min in any variable; whereas FT2 players presented a lower performance in total, explosive, medium speed running distances and maximum speed (p < 0.05, ES = 0.35 to 0.57), and FT3 players also decreased their performance in total, explosive and jogging distances (p < 0.05, ES = 0.79 to 1.17). When the match was analyzed in 5 min intervals, FT1 footballers showed higher performance in the first and last 5 min of the matches; meanwhile, FT2 and FT3 players exhibited progressive decline in physical performance towards the end of the match.

Conclusions

The evolution of physical responses during international matches highlighted the influence of both match period and sport class, revealing distinct temporal patterns among female footballers with cerebral palsy. These findings may help technical staff optimize training prescription and coaching strategies, while also providing valuable information to support evidence-informed classification processes.