<p>This study investigated the acute effects of low-dose caffeine (2&#xa0;mg·kg⁻¹) and taurine (10&#xa0;mg·kg⁻¹), administered alone and in combination, on anaerobic, neuromuscular, and cognitive performance in trained male athletes. Thirty-two participants, each with at least two years of consistent resistance training (≥ 3 sessions·week⁻¹), completed experimental trials using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design following ingestion of caffeine, taurine, a caffeine–taurine combination, or placebo. Combined caffeine and taurine supplementation resulted in higher handgrip strength values compared to placebo [<i>p</i> = 0.044; d = 0.51, small effect] and greater average power than caffeine alone [<i>p</i> = 0.006; d = 0.64, moderate effect] and placebo [<i>p</i> = 0.001; d = 0.91, moderate effect]. Taurine supplementation alone did not significantly affect performance outcomes. No statistically significant differences were observed among conditions for peak power, cognitive performance, ratings of perceived exertion, or blood lactate concentrations (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Overall, these findings suggest that co-ingestion of low-dose caffeine and taurine may provide modest improvements in selected neuromuscular and anaerobic performance outcomes without affecting cognitive, perceptual, or metabolic responses. </p><p><?noindent??><b>Trial registration</b></p><p><?noindent??>ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT07466654, registered on 06/03/2026. Retrospectively registered.</p>