Purpose This study assessed the effect of oxygen uptake (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\dot{V}O}_{2}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) kinetics on swimming performance on 100-m (V100) and 800-m (V800) races. Method In male pubertal swimmers trained competitively for 4–5 years, pulling force (Fave) and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\dot{V}O}_{2}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> kinetics were measured in tethered swimming, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\dot{V}O}_{2}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> amplitude (<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\dot{V}{O}_{2\_A})\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and time constant (τ) were calculated. Biological age (BA) and such physical characteristics as body mass (BM), skeletal muscle mass of body segments, fat-free mass (FFM), and total body length (TBL) were considered in mutual interdependence and in the context of their influence on swimming performance. Results Depending on the significant differences in BA, swimmers were divided into early maturing and late maturing, and these groups presented differences in <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\dot{V}O}_{2}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> kinetics and in Fave in relation to <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\dot{V}O}_{2}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and BM. Considering all swimmers, <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\dot{V}O}_{2}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in the subsequent 10-s periods was positively related to Fave, muscle mass of particular body segments, TBL, and BA. The same was observed between subsequent Fave in 10-s periods and <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\dot{V}{O}_{2\_A}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and body physical indicators: muscle mass, TBL, and BA. Longer τ was not positively related to V100 or V800; e.g., the indicator of <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\dot{V}O}_{2}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> kinetics (<InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\dot{V}O}_{2}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> 31–60) was strongly related to FFM (0.60; p < 0.001), Fave1-60 (0.72; p < 0.001), and, though to a lesser extent, to TBL (0.44; p < 0.001). The collected physiological and anthropometric data mostly strongly influenced V100 and mostly moderately influenced V800; TBL was a weaker (did not reach the significance threshold) predictor of swimming performance. Conclusions <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\dot{V}O}_{2}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> kinetics constitutes an appropriate indicator of well-trained physiological predispositions, which translate into skillfully performed front crawl races (V100, V800). The results indicate that physiologically more mature pubertal swimmers—typically characterized by greater muscle mass and higher strength—tend to achieve better front crawl performance over 100 m and 800 m.

Effects of oxygen uptake kinetics on 100-m and 800-m front crawl performance in pubertal swimmers

期刊论文
出版模式：

开放获取
发表日期：

2026年3月10日

查看全文

Marek Strzała,
Raul Bartolomeu,
Piotr Krężałek,
Kamil Sokołowski,
Łukasz Wądrzyk,
Łukasz Kryst,
Marcin Maciejczyk

摘要

Purpose

This study assessed the effect of oxygen uptake ( \({\dot{V}O}_{2}\) ) kinetics on swimming performance on 100-m (V₁₀₀) and 800-m (V₈₀₀) races.

Method

In male pubertal swimmers trained competitively for 4–5 years, pulling force (F_ave) and \({\dot{V}O}_{2}\) kinetics were measured in tethered swimming, and \({\dot{V}O}_{2}\) amplitude ( \(\dot{V}{O}_{2\_A})\) and time constant (τ) were calculated. Biological age (BA) and such physical characteristics as body mass (BM), skeletal muscle mass of body segments, fat-free mass (FFM), and total body length (TBL) were considered in mutual interdependence and in the context of their influence on swimming performance.

Results

Depending on the significant differences in BA, swimmers were divided into early maturing and late maturing, and these groups presented differences in \({\dot{V}O}_{2}\) kinetics and in F_ave in relation to \({\dot{V}O}_{2}\) and BM. Considering all swimmers, \({\dot{V}O}_{2}\) in the subsequent 10-s periods was positively related to F_ave, muscle mass of particular body segments, TBL, and BA. The same was observed between subsequent F_ave in 10-s periods and \(\dot{V}{O}_{2\_A}\) and body physical indicators: muscle mass, TBL, and BA. Longer τ was not positively related to V₁₀₀ or V₈₀₀; e.g., the indicator of \({\dot{V}O}_{2}\) kinetics ( \({\dot{V}O}_{2}\) _31–60) was strongly related to FFM (0.60; p < 0.001), F_ave1-60 (0.72; p < 0.001), and, though to a lesser extent, to TBL (0.44; p < 0.001). The collected physiological and anthropometric data mostly strongly influenced V₁₀₀ and mostly moderately influenced V₈₀₀; TBL was a weaker (did not reach the significance threshold) predictor of swimming performance.

Conclusions

\({\dot{V}O}_{2}\) kinetics constitutes an appropriate indicator of well-trained physiological predispositions, which translate into skillfully performed front crawl races (V₁₀₀, V₈₀₀).

The results indicate that physiologically more mature pubertal swimmers—typically characterized by greater muscle mass and higher strength—tend to achieve better front crawl performance over 100 m and 800 m.