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Objective <p>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the acute effects of flywheel resistance training (FRT) on jump and sprint performance, and to examine the moderating roles of rest intervals and inertial loads.</p> Methods <p>A systematic search was conducted across seven electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane) from inception to February 22, 2025. The quality of included randomized controlled trials (including crossover designs) was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. Data were synthesized using random-effects meta-analysis in Review Manager 5.4.1, with subgroup analyses performed for rest intervals and inertial loads. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251029079).</p> Results <p>Nine crossover trials were included. Overall, FRT had a small, significant positive effect on CMJ performance [SMD = 0.32, 95% CI: (0.03, 0.60)], but no significant effect on overall sprint performance [SMD = -0.03, 95% CI: (-0.29, 0.22)]. Subgroup analysis revealed enhancement effect on CMJ at rest intervals of 8–12&#xa0;min [SMD = 0.55, 95% CI: (0.17, 0.93)] and when using inertial loads &gt; 0.05&#xa0;kg·m² [SMD = 0.48, 95% CI: (0.09, 0.88)]. No significant subgroup effects were found for sprint performance.</p> Conclusion <p>Flywheel resistance training induces a small, acute enhancement in jump performance, primarily through a post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) mechanism, with significant effects observed at 8–12&#xa0;min post-exercise. Greater benefits for jumping occurred with inertial loads &gt; 0.05&#xa0;kg·m², but no significant acute effect was observed for sprint performance. These findings are limited by low evidence certainty and restricted generalizability, necessitating further research with larger, diverse samples and standardized protocols.</p>

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Acute effects of flywheel resistance training on jump and sprint performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of inertial-load and rest-interval moderators

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月6日

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  • Runfa Zhang,
  • Haoran Li,
  • Di Lu,
  • Jian Sun,
  • Duanying Li,
  • Weifeng Huang

摘要

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the acute effects of flywheel resistance training (FRT) on jump and sprint performance, and to examine the moderating roles of rest intervals and inertial loads.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted across seven electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane) from inception to February 22, 2025. The quality of included randomized controlled trials (including crossover designs) was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. Data were synthesized using random-effects meta-analysis in Review Manager 5.4.1, with subgroup analyses performed for rest intervals and inertial loads. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251029079).

Results

Nine crossover trials were included. Overall, FRT had a small, significant positive effect on CMJ performance [SMD = 0.32, 95% CI: (0.03, 0.60)], but no significant effect on overall sprint performance [SMD = -0.03, 95% CI: (-0.29, 0.22)]. Subgroup analysis revealed enhancement effect on CMJ at rest intervals of 8–12 min [SMD = 0.55, 95% CI: (0.17, 0.93)] and when using inertial loads > 0.05 kg·m² [SMD = 0.48, 95% CI: (0.09, 0.88)]. No significant subgroup effects were found for sprint performance.

Conclusion

Flywheel resistance training induces a small, acute enhancement in jump performance, primarily through a post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) mechanism, with significant effects observed at 8–12 min post-exercise. Greater benefits for jumping occurred with inertial loads > 0.05 kg·m², but no significant acute effect was observed for sprint performance. These findings are limited by low evidence certainty and restricted generalizability, necessitating further research with larger, diverse samples and standardized protocols.