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Background <p>Arginase enzyme plays a key role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This study evaluated the effects of aerobic training combined with hydro-alcoholic cinnamon extract (HACE) on the protein levels of Akt, arginase and eNOS in the soleus muscle of rats with type 2 diabetes.</p> Methods <p>Thirty-six male Wistar rats (248.63 ± 4.05 gr) were randomly assigned into control (C; <i>n</i> = 6), diabetes (D; <i>n</i> = 8), diabetes and supplement (DS; <i>n</i> = 8), diabetes and aerobic training (DE; <i>n</i> = 7), and diabetes, aerobic training and supplement (DES; <i>n</i> = 7) groups. Moderate-intensity aerobic training was performed 5 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Rats in the DS and DES groups received 200&#xa0;mg/kg of HACE daily by gavage. Blood and soleus muscle collected, and blood glucose level and protein levels of Akt, arginase and eNOS were measured using glucometer and ELISA, respectively.</p> Results <p>The level of arginase enzyme in D, DE and DS groups was significantly higher than in C and DES groups (<i>P</i> = 0.001). Also, the levels of eNOS and Akt were significantly higher in the DES group than in the D and DS (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) groups. Negative changes in blood glucose were significantly greater in the DES group compared with the C (<i>P</i> = 0.001) and D (<i>P</i> = 0.041) groups. Significant correlations were found between glucose changes with weight changes (<i>r</i> = -0.76), arginase (r = + 0.59), Akt (<i>r</i> = -0.73) and eNOS (<i>r</i> = -0.70), and arginase with eNOS (<i>r</i> = -0.66) and Akt (<i>r</i> = -0.64), and Akt with eNOS (r = + 0.72).</p> Conclusions <p>Our findings suggest that combining aerobic training with HACE supplementation may help modulate glucose metabolism and endothelial function in type 2 diabetic rats, potentially through balancing arginase and eNOS activity.</p>

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Cinnamon consumption during aerobic training in streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats modulates the arginase/eNOS enzyme balance in the soleus muscle and reduces blood glucose levels

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Ehsan Hoseininejad,
  • Vahid Valipour Dehnou,
  • Sergio Pérez-Díaz,
  • Ali Gorzi

摘要

Background

Arginase enzyme plays a key role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This study evaluated the effects of aerobic training combined with hydro-alcoholic cinnamon extract (HACE) on the protein levels of Akt, arginase and eNOS in the soleus muscle of rats with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Thirty-six male Wistar rats (248.63 ± 4.05 gr) were randomly assigned into control (C; n = 6), diabetes (D; n = 8), diabetes and supplement (DS; n = 8), diabetes and aerobic training (DE; n = 7), and diabetes, aerobic training and supplement (DES; n = 7) groups. Moderate-intensity aerobic training was performed 5 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Rats in the DS and DES groups received 200 mg/kg of HACE daily by gavage. Blood and soleus muscle collected, and blood glucose level and protein levels of Akt, arginase and eNOS were measured using glucometer and ELISA, respectively.

Results

The level of arginase enzyme in D, DE and DS groups was significantly higher than in C and DES groups (P = 0.001). Also, the levels of eNOS and Akt were significantly higher in the DES group than in the D and DS (P < 0.05) groups. Negative changes in blood glucose were significantly greater in the DES group compared with the C (P = 0.001) and D (P = 0.041) groups. Significant correlations were found between glucose changes with weight changes (r = -0.76), arginase (r = + 0.59), Akt (r = -0.73) and eNOS (r = -0.70), and arginase with eNOS (r = -0.66) and Akt (r = -0.64), and Akt with eNOS (r = + 0.72).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that combining aerobic training with HACE supplementation may help modulate glucose metabolism and endothelial function in type 2 diabetic rats, potentially through balancing arginase and eNOS activity.