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Background <p>The training dynamics of professional female volleyball players involve intense pre-competition periods necessitating adaptations to high training loads. This study focuses on the immediate preparation for competition (IPC) analyzing changes in various metabolite, vitamin, and hormonal biomarkers.</p> Methods <p>Twelve female volleyball players underwent blood tests four times during an 8-week IPC period before top league season in Poland. Biomarkers such as creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), folic acid, vitamin B12, calcidiol, cortisol, and insulin-like growth factor 1 were measured using standard biochemical protocols. The athletes adhered to a training regimen that included technical and strength training, supplemented with vitamins B and D3.</p> Results <p>Significant changes were observed in the activities of CK and LDH across the measurements, indicating muscle response to training loads. Variations in the concentrations of folic acid and 25-(OH)D3 across the training period were statistically significant. Cortisol levels also showed fluctuations, suggesting hormonal balance shifts in response to training stress.&#xa0;</p> Conclusion <p>The study confirms that a well-structured training regimen during the IPC allows for slight modifications in biochemical and hormonal markers without disrupting their balance. Proper supplementation and targeted training loads help maintain optimal vitamin levels in the blood, aiding in overall athlete preparedness and performance stability.</p>

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The impact of direct pre-competition preparation on changes in metabolite, vitamin, and hormonal biomarker concentrations in professional female volleyball players

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • Artur Płonka,
  • Łukasz Rydzik,
  • Mateusz Mardyła,
  • Kamil Sokołowski,
  • Anna Kurkiewicz-Piotrowska,
  • Olga Czerwińska-Ledwig,
  • Tomasz Pałka,
  • Tadeusz Ambroży,
  • Wojciech Czarny,
  • Wojciech Bajorek,
  • Paweł Król

摘要

Background

The training dynamics of professional female volleyball players involve intense pre-competition periods necessitating adaptations to high training loads. This study focuses on the immediate preparation for competition (IPC) analyzing changes in various metabolite, vitamin, and hormonal biomarkers.

Methods

Twelve female volleyball players underwent blood tests four times during an 8-week IPC period before top league season in Poland. Biomarkers such as creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), folic acid, vitamin B12, calcidiol, cortisol, and insulin-like growth factor 1 were measured using standard biochemical protocols. The athletes adhered to a training regimen that included technical and strength training, supplemented with vitamins B and D3.

Results

Significant changes were observed in the activities of CK and LDH across the measurements, indicating muscle response to training loads. Variations in the concentrations of folic acid and 25-(OH)D3 across the training period were statistically significant. Cortisol levels also showed fluctuations, suggesting hormonal balance shifts in response to training stress. 

Conclusion

The study confirms that a well-structured training regimen during the IPC allows for slight modifications in biochemical and hormonal markers without disrupting their balance. Proper supplementation and targeted training loads help maintain optimal vitamin levels in the blood, aiding in overall athlete preparedness and performance stability.