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<p><i>Trichinella spiralis</i> (<i>T. spiralis</i>) infection dynamically modulates macrophage polarization. It promotes M1 macrophage polarization, enhancing the pro-inflammatory pathways. This study investigates how ivermectin nanoparticles (IVM-NP) and <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf extract (MOL-NP) regulate these pathways to improve the pathophysiological outcomes of trichinosis. Thirty Swiss albino mice were infected with <i>T. spiralis</i> and divided equally into five groups of six mice each: healthy controls, infected untreated, IVM-NP-treated, MOL-NP-treated, and combined IVM-NP and MOL-NP-treated. IVM-NP were administered as a single oral dose of 200&#xa0;µg/kg at the beginning of the experiment. MOL-NP were delivered orally at a dose of 400&#xa0;mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days starting from experiment initiation. Parasitological examination to detect the parasitic burden in addition to histopathological, immunohistochemical and quantitative histomorphometric assessment of intestinal tissue for nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were done. Furthermore, RT-PCR was performed to evaluate the relative gene expression of Arginase-1, TNF-α, and IL-10. Treatment with nanoparticle formulations of IVM and MOL modulated macrophage-related immune responses by reducing the pro-inflammatory markers iNOS, TNF-α and NF-κB, while increasing the relative gene expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Combination therapy exhibited superior efficacy in decreasing parasite burden and mitigating intestinal pathology compared to monotherapy.</p>

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Effect of Moringa oleifera and ivermectin nanoparticles on the immunopathological response during experimental trichinosis in mice

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月14日

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  • Magda Said Ahmed Abdeltawab,
  • Alshaimaa M. R. Hamed,
  • Shimaa Saad El-Din,
  • Engy Medhat,
  • Mai Samir,
  • Amal M. Mahfoz,
  • Abdel Wahab M. Mahmoud,
  • Basma Emad Aboulhoda,
  • Hend Ahmed Abdallah,
  • Hanaa S. Sallam,
  • Mona Said El-Sherbini

摘要

Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) infection dynamically modulates macrophage polarization. It promotes M1 macrophage polarization, enhancing the pro-inflammatory pathways. This study investigates how ivermectin nanoparticles (IVM-NP) and Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOL-NP) regulate these pathways to improve the pathophysiological outcomes of trichinosis. Thirty Swiss albino mice were infected with T. spiralis and divided equally into five groups of six mice each: healthy controls, infected untreated, IVM-NP-treated, MOL-NP-treated, and combined IVM-NP and MOL-NP-treated. IVM-NP were administered as a single oral dose of 200 µg/kg at the beginning of the experiment. MOL-NP were delivered orally at a dose of 400 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days starting from experiment initiation. Parasitological examination to detect the parasitic burden in addition to histopathological, immunohistochemical and quantitative histomorphometric assessment of intestinal tissue for nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were done. Furthermore, RT-PCR was performed to evaluate the relative gene expression of Arginase-1, TNF-α, and IL-10. Treatment with nanoparticle formulations of IVM and MOL modulated macrophage-related immune responses by reducing the pro-inflammatory markers iNOS, TNF-α and NF-κB, while increasing the relative gene expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Combination therapy exhibited superior efficacy in decreasing parasite burden and mitigating intestinal pathology compared to monotherapy.